Abandoned – Creative Writing

Private Michael Thompson was at the front, holding his assault rifle which he had trained with so much, hoping it would help him against what they were fighting. They were called in for riot control, but they soon realised it was no ordinary riot. These guys took twenty bullets, and kept coming. Other soldiers who were attacked were joining them. The only option left was to hold them in the town, until a tactical nuclear strike could be prepared. The barricades were in front of him and he looked around nervously, memorizing the faces of the other forty soldiers around him, They were nervous as well. All of them. They had just escorted one survivor to an evacuation vehicle. He was the only survivor that had heeded their calls. He was screaming, â€Å"They're coming! They're coming!-Just blow the city up. You can't stop them!† That hadn't helped anyone's nerves. They had been given orders to shoot to kill on any target they deemed hazardous. He could hear the wind blowing, and some birds singing behind him. Worst of all, he could hear the riot, the shuffling of thousands of feet, the screams that sounded inhuman-More like groans. Suddenly there was silence. All the soldiers tensed. They readied their rifles as one. They had a man set up with tear gas to break the crowd. Everyone raised their rifles. Their commanding officer, began barking out orders. He heard, and moved to his assigned spot. The shuffling started again, quicker than before, and they all knew the riot was headed towards them. They waited, listening. The crowd appeared about a third of a mile down the road. The Sergeant immediately ordered the rifle man to open fire. They argued about opening fire on civilians, but not for long. They started firing into the crowd. The ones they hit didn't go down. They just kept coming, just as reported in the briefing. The sergeant started yelling,†Hit them in the head, you morons, the head!† The sharpshooters adjusted their aims, and started dropping people in the crowd. They never screamed, they didn't even flinch. They just kept shuffling towards the barricade, silently. Everyone was a little afraid when the things came within easy firing range. They opened up in small bursts, bringing down many of the people. There were so many of them. The things were beating on the steel barricade, and reaching through the slots. Michael just kept shooting like he was ordered to. One to the left, one to the right, he didn't realise he was crying with fear, until the sergeant pulled him away as the barricade toppled. They began running. The sergeant was screaming for everyone to form around him, but no-one listened. They were smart, they kept running. Twenty men had died at the barricade, and no-one else wanted to join them. Michael followed the Sergeant through a couple of alleyways, and out into an empty street. The sergeant pulled out his portable radio, and started radioing for backup, heavy backup. The only response he got was the one that sealed their fate,†Red Wings, you're on your own on this mission.† Michael looked around at the grotesque caricatures of humanity closing in from both sides of the street, and he began running too. The Sergeant screamed his last scream as he was pulled down and Michael came close, but he broke away from the gruesome crowd, running like he never knew he could. He ran, they were still right behind him, not the same ones, different ones. There were so many of them. He ducked down an alley to run to the next street, but it was a dead end. Nowhere else to run! He hid in a bin and it was only a minute before he heard them surrounding it. They pounded on it with such ferocity he feared they'd break in, but they didn't. He sat in the bin and cried, knowing he'd never leave this place. Sally, his wife would never even learn he was dead. The things had breached the borders of the city and were spilling out in every direction now. He thought back to that civilian. He understood now and he hoped to god they would nuke the town and surrounding areas. The lives sacrificed would be small compared to how many would be lost if they didn't The bin was sliding, but he knew they'd never flip it. He had plenty of bullets left, so he sighed his last sigh, climbed on top of the dumpster and began firing on them, tears clouding his vision. He mowed down more than any other soldier had and when his ammunition ran out in his assault rifle, he drew his pistol. He fired 13 shots with it, killing twelve zombies. It was the end for him and he knew it. He stood still in the street, thinking about sally and how he would never see her again. He did not scream in pain as the grotesque things attacked him, he was a true solider to his last breath.

Stress Log

Stress log Psychology 101 – Influence of the Media Assignment (40 pts) Fall 2010 DUE: After viewing Killing us softly 4 (2010), write a 2-3 page paper (600-800 words) on the influence of media and advertising on the public, both men and women. All papers should be typed and double-spaced. In your paper: 1. Discuss the assertion made in Killing Us Softly that the purpose of advertising is to sell us what we don’t need, to sell us values, and to sell us concepts of normal. (6 pts) 2. Using both videos and magazine pictures, discuss how media and advertising images affect how you see yourself, how you see others, and how others see you. 6 pts)3. Dr. Kilbourne does not advocate censorship, or banning all advertisements. What other ways do individuals have to protect themselves from any ill effects from advertising? What role would critical thinking play? (8 pts) 4. Using your chapter on Motivation and Emotion, demonstrate how advertising and media, generally, motivate our b ehaviors. (8 pts) 5. Do you believe that there are cumulative effects of these media messages? Whether your answer is yes or no, give reasons. (6 pts) 6. Grammar/spelling (3 pts) 7. Make sure you cite the movie in text using APA style (3 pts).See information below for citing a movie APA style In APA format the movie can be cited several ways. The movie title should always be italicized. If you describe a scene by saying something like: In the movie Killing us softly 4 (2010), Dr. Kilbourne says†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The title is italicized and the year is in parentheses. If you describe a scene by saying something like: Dr. Kilbourne says that advertisements are created to sell us values (Killing us softly 4, 2010). The title is italicized and both the title and year go in the parentheses before the period at the end of the sentence.

Information Technology Essay

A technologically enabled organization is a technologically capable company. Data and information will be at the heart and information re-use shall be constant. In other word, everything is integrated, finance, services, customer files, support database, helpdesk, quality management, customer satisfaction, email, attachments†¦ The information both flow in and out where you can get an holistic view of every information, communication, exchange concerning a specific project that might affect multiple customers, or every bits and pieces of information that pertain to a specific customer. It is a an organization where you have a symbiosis between the customer, who request and the customer who contribute, again, idea bounce in and out and might potentially be shared among interest group, much like a social network, the organization being the enabler between various customers with similar issue, reason why they are the customer of organization XYZ. The information is on the ecommerce site, in the corporate portal, in the intranet, on the mobile phone, the communications are interactive and customers share whiteboard, desktop, files, document management with the organization. Every relation the organization have with its customer contact is managed through a unique ID assigned to each of those contact, nothing complex, maybe an OpenID since so many people already have them or a simple challenge response via SMS, Text Message, Email to login your customer/employee experience center†¦ I hope this will help you understand my perspective of a technologically enabled enterprise, it is a only a vision for now, but it might be the future, who knows 🙂 For now, to me, any subset of those features with integration within a specific business workflow would classify has a technology enabled organization. 2. How does an Organization acquire & disseminal knowledge? First respondent meant from technical perspective . data 1s and 0s .knowledge can be acquired by working in a domain . no other legitimate shortcut. both for a business and anindividual. it is the collective experience that resides in a non physical plane of existence.it can be imparted/propogated to others in the form of a processor documentation( paper or electronic ) or it will be ingrained in the team members even without documentation.this process or documentation should not be dependent on a single person. ie nobody should be indispensableincluding top leadership. many business entities thrive as leaders even without proper documentation of theirworking knowledge . it is ingrained in their employees& stakeholders.There are a number of ways, but all are connected with a common link-experienced workers need to share bestpractices. Formal Mentor programs encourage face to face meeting where mentors can monitor and validate theirprotege’s progress. Another method that we are implementing is wikis where we ask very specific questions andmonitor the responses. This has been a good way for the organization to share the collective knowledge anddefines our corporate culture. 3. Why do you suppose inquiry – only applications were developed instead of fully on lines system? Participation constraint – a participation constraint determines whether relationships must involve certain entities. An example is if every department entity has a manager entity. Participation constraints can either be total or partial. A total participation constraint says that every department has a manager. A partial participation constraint says that every employee does not have to be a manager. Overlap constraint – within an ISA hierarchy, an overlap constraint determines whether or not two subclasses can contain the same entity. Covering constraint – within an ISA hierarchy, a covering constraint determines where the entities in the subclasses collectively include all entities in the super class. For example, with an Employees entity set with subclasses Hourly Employee and Salary Employee, does every Employee entity necessarily have to be within either Hourly Employee or Salary Employee? Weak entity set – an entity that cannot be identified uniquely without considering some primary key attributes of another identifying owner entity. An example is including Dependent information for employees for insurance purposes. Aggregation – a feature of the entity relationship model that allows a relationship set to participate in another relationship set. This is indicated on an ER diagram by drawing a dashed box around the aggregation. Role indicator – If an entity set plays more than one role, role indicators describe the different purpose in the relationship. An example is a single Employ ee entity set with a relation Reports-To that relates supervisors and subordinates. 4. What kind of technology is least flexible? Most flexible? I would say that it is dependent on the licensing. The most flexible being that which comes from the Open Source family. At the root of it all, Open Source software allows any to read edit and redistribute any technology they encounter(based on the licensing). The closed source model, is exactly that closed, you can not even view the code usuallywithout first signing a non-disclosure agreement, if you can even see it at all. This means you can not audit thecode that may be entering your environment, nor can you make any real modifications or taylor it to your own specific needs. In the Software Industry an example of this is the adoption of Unix (Free BSD) by Apple to develop their Softwareon. The BSD licensing has been a favorite of big business due to its flexibility. However it would seem Apple hasshot themselves in the foot by alienating the open source community, the lack of support from Apple for theOpenDarwin project resulted in its end of life. This was a community who was actively contributing to the core of their Operating System for free. There is still a wealth of portable code that is available to anyone looking todevelop on their platform, however the closed source elements within due definitely inhibit growth. Linux is often deemed the champion of Open Source Software, however since its inception it has been a mixed bagof software licenses. This has been brought to light by the influx of lawsuits over the years, its licensing GPL may beless favorable for the corporate developer. 5. How does strategic planning differ between a firm that offers services & one that manufacturers a product? Is there a difference in the impact of technology on strategy in any two types of firms? The Strategic Planning Process So let’s step back and take a look at what an end-to-end product planning cycle might look like when integrated with the company’s strategic planning cycle. Assuming that a company resets its corporate strategy, financial plans, and product plans once per year, the planning process would ideally occur during the 3rd and 4th quarters of the fiscal year in preparation for the upcoming year. The five basic steps in the planning process (as depicted in figure 1) are: 1. Market review.  2. Financial review. 3. Corporate strategy. 4. Product strategy. 5. Product Roadmap and Release schedules. During the first step, product management presents a market review to executive management sharing facts on market trends and opportunities, key customer needs, and competitor moves and positions. Though product management will keep tabs throughout the year on many of these items, this is the opportunity to update the information to make sure it is complete and current. Other functions may be invited to provide their perspectives on the market and customers as well. During the financial review phase, the finance organization presents results on the financial performance for the company overall, for its sales channels and for its products. Providing revenue and profitability by product is critical to making good product decisions and developing effective strategies. The next step is where the company’s executive team outlines its corporate strategy in terms of its vision, financial goals and its plan for achieving those goals. The corporate strategy should be explicitly presented to the product management team to facilitate development of a product strategy. For some smaller businesses, steps 3 and 4 may be combined into a single step. During step 4, product management develops its product strategy considering market dynamics, customer needs, financial goals, and corporate strategy. It specifies what changes to the products are needed and indicates the financial plan for each product area. The product strategy should be reviewed by the executive team to ensure alignment with the corporate strategy before proceeding to the next step. The final step involves the development of a product roadmap and more detailed release plans for the coming quarters consistent with the product strategy. This roadmap becomes the official â€Å"product plan of record† and should be managed with formal change control procedures. This step is executed at the conclusion of the annual planning cycle and is repeated every 3 or 4 months to allow responses to changing market conditions and deployment schedules and should be re-approved by executive management.

Literature and Modern Media 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature and Modern Media 2 - Essay Example It is a mid-size entry-level luxury car and - so far – it has become Lincoln’s bestselling model since its introduction. The ad sought to articulate these features and the benefits in a short and engaging communication content. The difficulty in communicating all the features and benefits of the Lincoln MKZ was addressed by using metaphors depicted in compelling imagery. There are many sources that support the efficacy of using metaphors to produce compelling and persuasive advertisement. Among the most excellent of these is MacQuarrie and Phillips’ (2008) work, which documented numerous studies that demonstrate how metaphors induce a certain mental imagery that influences the behavior of people or, in the case of television advertisements, the viewers. They cited the case of a simulation where subjects were presented a poem with many metaphors and that based on the recorded participants’ interpretations, combined with sufficient exposure to visual images, were revealed to conjure mental imageries that support the construction and effectiveness of persuasive messages (39). The dynamics of the studies that revolve around this theme falls within the wider argument of the use of pathos in advertising and marketing. MacQuarrie and Phillips drew an analogy from the ancient Greeks, who coined the concept in their perfection of the art of rhetoric. They cited that pathos, which is the technique of appealing to emotions, is crucial in cultivating, diverting, enhancing or creating – whatever the need was – in some type of manipulation in order to achieve a desired emotional response (39). The idea – when applied in the context of marketing – is to increase the audience’s attitude towards the ad (39). Hoang (2005), describing a particularly adept marketer, had these words that expresses the impact of this particular method excellently: There was a feeling. As the feeling faded away into a labored, recalled me mory, it left another feeling, the feeling of desire. That was effective advertising (44). So, if one considers the metaphors used in the Lincoln MKZ ad, one could not help but recognize the pathos and the desire to influence by eliciting emotional response with the help of words and visual images. For instance, the video opens with the 2013 Lincoln MKZ’s comparison with the titular phoenix. Here, the introduction of the redesign and the new generation of Lincoln MKZ were achieved. There was the image of the old Lincoln model, which with the clever use of fire and graphical transformation, depicted the concept the phoenix in the process of being born, only that the bird did not really materialize. Rather, the 2013 MKZ emerged in its stead. To explain the utility of the metaphor, it is crucial to view it this way: emotion is difficult to verbalize. Therefore, in order to communicate to the emotion of others, metaphors must be used in order to be effective. â€Å"When emotions ,† wrote Malamed (2009), â€Å"seem ambiguous and ethereal, metaphors help make them explicit and tangible† (220). Stylistic and technical features were embedded in the comparison with the â€Å"hawk with night vision goggles†. The fun and car solidity were conveyed in the use of the beat of the drum set in a montage with the steady rhythm of machines, carving the hull of the

Pablo Picasso's Illustrations of Balzac's The Unknown Masterpiece Essay

Pablo Picasso's Illustrations of Balzac's The Unknown Masterpiece - Essay Example The essay "Pablo Picasso's Illustrations of Balzac's The Unknown Masterpiece" explores Pablo Picasso’s illustration of Balzac’s â€Å"The unknown masterpiece†. It is an edition of a short story by Honore de Balzac. This perception is dependent on the point from which the painting is viewed. The painter is obsessed with his work in which he has considerably spent a long time struggling to complete. Surprisingly, two painters who have been secretly admiring this painter’s work are dumbfounded as they cannot get a clear picture of what the work is. Pablo Picasso, a widely known Spanish painter and sculptor, is fascinated by the mystery behind this art work rendering homage to this kind of creativity. And as part of his printmaking etchings, he writes an accompaniment illustrating the Balzac’s work â€Å"The unknown masterpiece.† Studies done by various scholars reveal that Picasso’s works have had great impacts on the styles of many artis ts even to date. This paper discusses Pablo Picasso’s illustrations of Balzac’s â€Å"The Unknown Masterpiece† of 1931. Honore de Balzac’s â€Å"the unknown masterpiece† featured in the seventeenth century at a French studio in Paris. First published in 1831 by Balzac in a Parisian newspaper â€Å"L’Artiste†, the story reveals a lesson expounding on the statement â€Å"beneath the lines of every book is a face†. In this story, a young artist by the name Nicolas Poussin and his guide Francoise Porbus arrive in the studio of the era’s renowned painter, Master Frenhofer.

Features of poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Features of poverty - Essay Example It could be more effectively defined by looking at its cause and effect and association to other related aspects. Rather than just simply looking at the insufficiency of resources, we must focus on the efforts exerted and the conditions that brought about the insufficiency. There is also truth in saying that poverty should not be measured by money alone. Two people could obtain the same amount of money but one could be deemed poor in possessions because of misallocation. This also deals with how money is spent. In a study by Christophe Muller, he posed the question whether poverty measures are a real economic phenomena or only hidden consequences of methodological choices. He also stated that there is a difference between being poor in a poor community and being poor in a wealthy environment. Thus, it could be established that defining poverty lines is such a tall order. We cannot just simply apply the same measure everywhere and all the time. (3) One would be shocked at how many factors affect not only poverty but also our understanding of poverty. Technically, other factors such as inequality, taxation, and income distribution should also be considered in evaluating economic conditions. In his paper, Defining Poverty Lines and Identifying the Poor, Peter Sanders purports that the government has a stake on the people's welfare particularly in its policies on wages and social benefits. In reality, the government should not take on the burden of ensuring the people's financial welfare but the most that it could do is formulate sound policies to ensure equality and economic security. (5) Then, there is the question if poverty could be accurately gauged by a certain measure or statistics alone. Definitely, this is not so true since poverty could not be defined as something quantitative but more so qualitative. Poverty is also suggestive of the quality of life or living conditions. (6) Sanders further claims that in a so-called outcome-oriented perspective, poverty is not measured but rather experienced by those who fall to it. Poverty does not become potent when it is gauge but rather when it felt. History tells us that it is not only the poor who complain about life becoming more and more difficult but also those who are well off. The worst kind of poverty happens when the people and government could not afford to have or provide themselves good education. It could also be said that poverty in a nation is also indicative of its social and political system and the stability of its laws and policies. People really do have different notions of poverty and this is most times subjective. This is further elucidated in the study done on DSS clients. This further makes the idea of solving this social condition impossible especially if those stricken by poverty do not realize or recognize that they are poor. In addition, this disparity could happen on the other extreme, when the wealthy think that they are poor. A nation would have to be clear at establishing the poverty line or define the standards of living before it could effectively define poverty. Destitution does not just concern our needs and wants but also how we manage our resources or income. It was also discussed how poverty per se is not a single entity but something that could take different forms and just like every social issues, it has evolved. Now, in a paper entitled GLOBALIZATION AND POVERTY,

Political system of saudi arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political system of saudi arabia - Essay Example This is all about making judgments in areas of disagreements between religious and supreme interests. In addition to that, the King keeps the tribes together, since there is a tribal structure in the state of Saudi Arabia. The Royal Family has the power to overthrow the king, supposedly. In 2005, the succession of the throne by King Abdullah progressed without any disturbances; just it has been same in the past (Maik et al 3). Recently, King Abdul-Aziz has put in place the rules for the succession by selecting an heir for the post of crown prince and deputy Prime minister. Saudi kings have also fixed a second deputy prime minister, who is next in turn on the unofficial succession line- up, since 1975, in order to maintain their control on the succession progression. Typically, the successors are the sons of the founder of Saudi-Arabia. Usually, the eldest brother is the new king while the second eldest brother, becomes crown prince. The Saudi Arabian Government The crowned king is th e main foundation of power in Saudi Arabian government while other senior princes enjoy immense authority and extensive liberty of action. Though, in practice the King’s powers are restricted and are achieved by consensus. The King has a responsibility to observe Islamic law and other country traditions at all the times. Saudi Arabia has also a heritage of decision making through consultation.

American National Govenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American National Govenment - Essay Example In political realms, immigration reform refers to changes in recurrent immigration policy of a country. Immigration reforms in political sense can involve promoted, open immigration and also eliminated immigration which can also be reduced. The immigration regime existing was designed in 1952 to 1965 with the primary goal of allowing nuclear and extended family reunification and the secondary goals of permitting humanitarian admissions and necessary labor inflows. Today’s reform system differs from the one of decades ago because of changing technology, dwindling costs of beyond border travelling and many years of past migratory flows which have made these flows more complicated and hard to deal with. Border protection, anti-terrorism and illegal immigration Control Act of 2005 was passed by the House of Representatives. The US senate passed the comprehensive immigration reform act of 2006 but neither bill was made law because their differences could not be resolved in the conf erence committee. The issues to address in the bills were; to fix border enforcement, enforcement of interior such as doing away with visa overstays, people being prevented from working with no work permit, a committee being created to be in charge of adopting the number of visas available to economic times that fluctuates (Smith & Edmonston, 1997). A number of changes are recommended in the immigration reforms. First, a change to the temporary admissions and legal permanent systems to encourage the recruitment and retention of the immigrants best able to add value to the United States national interests in immigration. Secondly, Institutional and regulatory structure change governing the integration and employment of immigrants within the US to make sure that immigrants make the largest possible contribution while reducing possible costs of movement. Others include increase adoption of immigration as foreign policy tool, and changes to the immigration control policies. According to Smith and Edmonston (1997), effective reform must require those living in the US without permission to register, be good pay masters of tax, have knowledge of English, background checks be completed and earn the full rights of a true citizen. Eventually, the country benefits from increased and expanded tax base, a fully functional rule of law, a less vulnerable workforce to exploitation and a level playing field for all workers. A tough and fair immigration reform will most likely restore order and control at the border. Additionally, I believe immigration reform is preferred because it greatly improves the US GDP by at least 0.84 percent. The increase in GDP due to immigration, in addition to benefiting the citizens throughout the country, will be vital among the labor-intensive sectors such as construction, electronic equipment and textiles industries. Furthermore, comprehensive immigration reforms increases wages for all workers and improves their working conditions. The Cap-n-T rade legislation (climate change reform) is almost the only way to regulate carbon dioxide emissions. Cap-n-trade is targeted at reducing carbon dioxide emissions at a politically determined level among the users and producers of oil, natural gas and coal. Primarily the legislation seeks to impose a switch among users to alternative, less

Art Analisys 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Analisys 2 - Essay Example Mary Cassatt’s unique mode of painting coupled with her interest in reproducing children portraits, grasped my attention during one of the recent visits to the National Gallery of Art, DC (National Gallery of Art, 2012). Consequently, this aroused my interest in her paintings because they contrasted with other numerous artworks in the art gallery, especially those of her male counterparts. In addition, after an intensive research I unveiled that she preferred featuring children in her paintings because they reveal their natural self contrary to the adults (National Gallery of Art, 2012). Besides Mary Cassatt being a woman, her paintings comprise the most praised impressionism artworks done by different reputable artists in her time (Harris & Cassatt, 2007). This is contrary to the past where women never featured anywhere in the male dominated field of art. The past â€Å"segregation† and negative perception towards women venturing in the field of art have recently yield ed to the rise of feminist movements, for example, "Guerrilla Girls" (Desmond, 2011). Material and Formal properties In this image, Mary Cassatt skillfully utilizes paint together with an oil canvas and brush, to show her prowess in transmitting ideas besides bringing out the aspect of impressionism (Harris & Cassatt, 2007). This is by selectively assigning all the objects in picture their respective natural colors, besides varying light’s intensity meant to show their different distances from the front position. For instance, despite the little child’s image tilted slightly from the center, it has high illumination compared to both the dog and rear objects (chairs) (Cassatt, 2008). Mainly, this is the painter’s unique technique to draw the viewers’ attention towards her focus, which is the little girl. Light should be emanating from the rear windows, but she goes ahead to provide her illumination (Harris & Cassatt, 2007). Consequently, this aids Mary Cas satt to bring out the aspect of naturalism represented by the little girl’s posture as she fidgets in the armchair, while in her private world of thoughts. The essence of negative space in this portrait is to create and emphasis on depth, which is apparent from the little girl’s position towards the rear windows. Hence, it contributes to the creation of harmony where the objects comprising the entire picture do not overlap disorderly (Cassatt, 2008). Content Mary Cassatt’s use of this image opens a window for the viewers to explore the lives of young children. The picture demonstrates that, children at certain instances become disinterested and bored despite being in the presence of things, which they usually treasure at their age. For example, in this image Mary Cassatt paints the little child with her favorite pet, next chair, in a beautiful room (Cassatt, 2012). However, not any of these things can sway the little girl from engaging in deep thoughts. This inf luences the viewer to start speculating what could be the thoughts of the little child, hence sharing in her world of thoughts. The image’s title also contributes to the mystery of the child’s thoughts, regardless of the viewer’s first influence by the image itself (National Gallery of Art, 2012). In addition, the essence of the sleeping pet in the next chair is to emphasis on what the little girl

Macroeconomics Song Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomics Song Essay The poem’s major theme revolves around the unravelling of the US financial sector – and particularly its impact on investment banks in the wake of the recent global economic recession that affected the US and most of the world economies. Some of the macroeconomic concepts addressed – tacitly and explicitly – include: executive compensation, and the business cycle (Paxton, 1). The crisis is said to have primarily been triggered by the sub prime mortgage crisis. Traditionally, investment banks and other lending institutions have financed their customers’ borrowings from the deposits they collect from the members of the public. With the demand for credit finance to purchase essential items such as homes rising exponentially, the deposits became inadequate to finance the borrowing requirements and many of these financial institutions resorted to innovative financial products such as the securitization model or mortgage backed securities. Here, the financial institutions sell bonds. Those buying the bonds are guaranteed of getting their money back after a certain duration plus an attractive interest, and the money raised from floating these bond is advanced to the borrowers (in this case, prospective homeowners). The bondholders will be paid back their money whether the borrowers pay the bank back or default. Thus, it can be seen that the investment banks here shoulder substantial risks (Zeese, 1; Rasmus, 3; BBC, 1). The main problem was that these loans were made out to a segment of the market that is considered risky due to its low income and poor credit history. This segment has been referred to as the sub-prime mortgage segment. As long as the prices of homes continued to rise, this model of financing home purchases made sense because the borrowers could refinance their home purchases. However, and against all expectations, the real estate bubble that had been so prolonged in the country burst, and home prices began trending south at a dramatic rate. The import of all these is that the sub prime mortgage borrowers were unable to pay back what they had borrowed. They defaulted, leading to massive foreclosures (Zeese, 1; Rasmus, 3; BBC, 1). The loans that had been made out by the financial institutions were in the tune of billions of dollars. When these borrowers defaulted, the banks were left holding toxic assets, which they wrote down leading to massive losses. A number of them were pushed to the brink of bankruptcy. These include: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Goldman Sachs, AIG, Merrill Lynch, Bears Stearns and Lehman Brothers (Zeese, 1; Rasmus, 3; BBC, 1). It is this backdrop that provides the context for the poem. The poet parodies the false sense of security that these institutions had projected – for long, investment bankers such as Lehman Brothers had been viewed as beacons of stability in the American economy, doling out priceless advice to Americans on maters economic. But as the poet shows, the sub prime mortgage crisis unmasked them for who they are, left them at a loss of what to do, and they have turned out to be â€Å"the blind leading the blind†(Paxton, 1). One wonders how, with all their wisdom, the investment bankers could have hedged their risks upon such a risky market as the sub-prime mortgage segment. One of the immediate responses to the financial crisis was the rollout of a bailout package by the US government (whose worth was â€Å"seven hundred million grand,† in the words of the poet) (Paxton, 1). The failing institutions were major beneficiaries of this bailout package. According to Nanking (1), Bears Stearns was bought by JP Chase for $236 million, with the Federal Reserve Bank providing a staggering $30 billion to facilitate its purchase. Courtesy of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, the government is said to have put in some $400 billion in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The AIG on its part received at least four cash bailouts, all of them amounting to $180 billion in total (Nanking, 1). The poet strongly questions the ethics behind these bailout packages, given that the crisis that affected the investment banks was largely self-inflicted. For example, apart from poor judgment resulting in the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the problems which the banks faced were also catalyzed by poor management practices such as excessive executive pay. The problems facing the banks also broke out at a time the issue of executive pay was coming under the spotlight. For example, Linn (2) writes that in 1970, top executives were earning 44 times what subordinate workers got and that by 2007 this had jumped to 344 times what the subordinate employees got. More telling is the fact that the CEO’s of Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, two of the failed investment bankers, received a total of over $117 million in spite of leading their organizations down the drain (Bass and Beamish, 1). Lloyd Blankfein, Goldman Sach’s top honcho, got $54 million, when the bank made a loss, with the 116 investment banks that had been short listed for aid under the bailout package having paid a cool $1.6 billion as bonuses to their CEO’s. AIG was mulling paying its CEO $165 million, when it had made a loss of over $60 billion (Bass and Beamish, 1). Given that these banks had been advanced cash under the bailout plan (which itself is from taxpayer funds), it is logical to assert that it is the average American (who earns 344 times less what the CEO gets) who is being made to pay for the mistakes of the CEO’s. It is this obscenity that the poem seems to rant about. Listen to the poet: â€Å"And it said that failure was the only crime. If you really screwed things up, then you were through; Now––surprise!––there is a different point of view. All that crazy rooty-tootin’ And that golden parachutin’ Means that someone’s making millions––just not you!† Works Cited: BBC. (2007). The downturn in facts and figures. 21 Nov 2007. 28 May 2010.   http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7302341.stm Bass, Frank and Beamish, Rita. (2008). AP Study Finds $1.6B Went To Bailed-Out Bank Execs. 22 Dec 2008. 29 May 2010.   http://corridornews.blogspot.com/2008/12/investment-bank-executives-pork-out-on.html Linn, Allison. (2009). â€Å"AIG flap gives ammunition to critics of high pay.† MSNBC. Mar 20th 2009. 29 May 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29791834/ Nankin, Jesse. (2009). History of U.S. govt bailouts. 1 Nov 2009. 29 May 2010. http://www.propublica.org/special/bailout-aftermaths#penncentral Paxton, Tom. I am changing my name to Fannie Mae. Rasmus, Jack. (2008). Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac: phase two of the financial crisis. Sep 2008. 28 May 2009. http://www.zcommunications.org/zmag/viewArticle/18717 Zeese, Kevin. (2008). The causes of the auto crisis. 25 Nov 2008. 28 May 2009. http://www.countercurrents.org/zeese251108.htm

Study On The Environment And The Event Industry Tourism Essay

Study On The Environment And The Event Industry Tourism Essay This report will focus on the environment in which GL events is currently operating. GL events started as a small company based in Lyon in 1978 providing furniture and stands for exhibitors. Through mergers and acquisitions, they have progressively evolved to become an important player in todays exhibiting and event world with 34 venues around the world, an event and exhibition full-organising service and a portfolio of 250 trade-shows in various industries (food beverage, sport leisure, health, etc.). Influencing all trends and being influenced by all trends, the exhibition and events industry is in the centre of it all. No company can succeed without being aware of the environment it is evolving in. In the exhibition and events industry, companies need to pay particular attention to details impacting not only its industry directly but also every other sector of activity as it would soon have repercussions on future events, exhibitions, product launches, etc. For this reason, a good PESTEL analysis for the industry needs to cover a broad range of issues and analyse many trends which may not influence events yet but could soon be a threat if companies do not react and stay in the times. This report will focus on a PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Environment, Legal) of the exhibition and events industry conclude by establishing which factors GL events should most take into account going forward as they could be potential threats or areas of opportunities in the years to come. Political: There are two main political factors influencing the industry today. One is the increasing political pressures to make regulations and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We will see in the environmental section that this trend started with consumer awareness but it is no longer just something the clients want to know more about, it has become an obligation. This has greatly impacted the transport industry, in particular airlines which found their image hit as people all around the world pointed to airplanes being a major source of pollution. This impacts the event and exhibition industry, especially at a time when various green technologies are evolving to permit meetings, conferences and even exhibitions to take place online (Long, 2009). This will be developed further in Environmental and Technology sections. The second is the increased globalisation and liberalisation of trade and deregulation (Dwyer, L and Edwards, D 2009). This is very important in terms of number of potential competitors and number of potential clients. Companies need to learn to evolve in a globalised economy, taking advantage of it by going to find new markets, possibly entering into partnerships with similar companies to widen market share and visibility. With this liberalisation of trade comes political pressure to have global higher standards of living. If you do not see your neighbours yard, you do not know that it is greener, when you break the fence, you find that it is. It is this situation that developing countries are finding themselves in today. Citizens all around the world can use internet to gain knowledge about how others are living and become envious. Because of this, countries want to attract foreign investment to boost local economies and gain wealth and higher standards of living. This creates oppo rtunities for countries not only to establish new and cheaper production lines but also to display their products in emerging markets. Last week for example, Apple launched the Iphone4 in China (AFP, 2010). Economy This last point brings us to analysing the economic trends and pressures impacting on the exhibition and events industry. Although the UNWTO 2002 forecasted world tourism to grow at a rate of 4.1% annually until 2020 (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009) due to rising wealth internationally, the exhibition and event industry has seen a slow in growth since 2005 but a rise in exhibition and event attendance (Biba E, 2008). This puts the industry in a rather awkward position. There are people coming to exhibitions but exhibitors have switched their approach towards events and exhibition. Indeed, especially with the recent crisis, the first expenses cut by organisations worldwide were advertising and travel. Exhibitions and events being in the centre of this, the industry was hit and forced to react. The expectations from exhibitors will be looked into more fully when we look at the social aspects of the trend but the main ideas are that companies are looking to maximise their ROI (return on investment) (Kovaleski D, 2009) and minimise the perception of frivolous spending (trips, events, etc.) (Events Managers, 2010). In order to do this, companies are squeezing suppliers to get more value for money and investigating the return on investment of their events much more closely and looking at alternatives more then they did before. Companies are not so much cutting their exhibition and event spending so much as allocating it more carefully and with conditions of an assured return (Biba E, 2007). This has changed to job of the event organiser who needs to think of more in novative ways that the company can use to introduce their product. A leaflet handout at the exhibition is no longer sufficient, people want to be amused, entertained, really involved in the product (Furness V., 2007). Because of this, the industry is moving away from major events in favour of smaller, more intimate events where companies can really interact with potential clients (Biba E, 2007). Another aspect companies are putting under the microscope is how to measure ROI generated from social networking and e-marketing. Indeed, if an event is posted on Facebook, LinkedIn, various industry blogs and online magazines this all takes resources in terms of man-hours put into promoting the event on these new channels but how can a company measure that this was efficient? How can the event planner know that the Facebook invitation attracted the client and not some Email they receive every year which pushed them to look for a Facebook event? (Terrero R, 2009). Today, there is little way of knowing exactly what path a client took and what really convinced them to attend your particular event. Social Indeed, the main goals of events and exhibitions are brand awareness, brand preference and networking. Although brand awareness can be achieved through various communication mediums (advertising online, billboards, TV, etc.), it is not the way to create brand preference. Brand preference is achieved through interaction, experience of the brand with the client (Kovaleski D, 2009) and leads to better ROI for the company. This means that exhibition halls and event organisers are not expected to provide a massive attendance so much as a good promotional space and real, targeted potential buyers (Biba E, 2007). From the buyers perspective, they want to experience and know the brand as a whole. With globalisation came increased competition and consumers now have the possibility to buy from anyone anywhere around the world. The quality and price are no longer the only issues, people and therefore companies look at the triple bottom line. Its no longer just about economics but also the socia l and environmental benefits of a product or company. Clients dont want a coupon or a price comparison when they come to a product launch, they want to feel and experience the product for themselves (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009 and Furness V., 2007). There needs to be a real interaction between companies and clients. Companies want to build a rapport with their clients, want to become part of their lives. This has forced exhibition halls and event managers to re-think space use and create sections that are dedicated to sitting down in a relaxing atmosphere with a drink to discuss business more casually. The bottom line is still to get the client but the approach is much friendlier then boxed up in a meeting room (Kovaleski D, 2009). This also has an impact on stand design. Exhibitors are encouraged to pay more attention to details such as carpet colour as it has been shown that if the carpet colour of the stand is different from that of the exhibition hall, it may create a barrier and deter clients from approaching (Kovaleski D, 2009). Technology With the development of various technologies, companies have the opportunity to have a virtual event run along-side of the live event. This allows them more time to prepare the client for the interaction and pursue the relationship after the event (Furness V., 2007 and Kovaleski D, 2009). This phenomenon of virtual event is not only to accompany live events, there are now events using only virtual platforms, simulating a physical event on the online world. Platforms such as Second Life are being used by companies to reach potential clients without having to create an event in one physical place. This has the advantage, if not necessarily of price reduction, but to be able to reach clients who may not be prepared to travel to meet you. You can meet them where they are all at once (Biba E, 2008). Using 3D technologies, your virtual exhibition can be as simple as visitors being able to look around at the different stands and as complex as re-creating the event in a completely online wor ld (web chatter, 2010). This is not to say that virtual events will completely replace live events because, as we have seen, people still want to interact and know who they are dealing with but it certainly does replace certain live events already (Biba E, 2007). Another important aspect of the new technologies that the exhibition and event industry should be aware of is the democratization of the internet. This means two things. First, even small firms can bring competition to the large, well-established event organizers if they have good SEO (search engine optimization) and general web-marketing skills as they have equal visibility (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009). Second, through UGC (user generated content) anyone can post their feedback about their experience with a certain organizer and make it available to the world (Papathanassis A, Buhalis D, 2007). This is good news for companies who have good relations with their clients and suppliers but will be difficult for companies who were focusing on one-shot clients and therefore not paying much attention to details. The final aspect of technology refers to the traditional definition of technology, ie: the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford Compact dictionary). Here we are referring to how to build ecologically friendly stands? What technologies can we use to handle the new products that now need to be used in order to create a green stand? Environmental We are now obviously diverging to the environmental issues around the exhibition and event industry. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important for companies to be perceived as environmentally aware (Biba E, 2008). This presents a good opportunity in term of cost reductions as decisions such as travelling less can be explained as an environmentally gesture rather then cost-cutting in a bad economy (Events Managers, 2010). However, it presents a challenge for events and exhibition companies who now need to develop green stands made with ecologically friendly materials and production techniques and purchased from local suppliers to avoid pollution from transport (Biba E, 2008). Another aspect the exhibition and event industry will need to look at closely is the impact that global warming will have on their choice of venue and the viability of these choices with respect to client attendance and attractiveness (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009). Indeed, sunny destinations which are very pleasant to hold events at may be changed for the worse in the next 30-50 years while new destinations will establish themselves as more favourable climate-wise. Legal The final point we will view is the legal aspects that the industry needs to pay attention to. The policies regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the liberalisation of trade have lead way to many legal documents and laws by countries around the world which need to be followed by event and exhibition organisers and by venues to make sure they are acting within the limits and scope of the law. However, an important legal issue is the terms and conditions put forward by events and exhibition planners and venues. First, with regards to particular cancellation fees, they need to protect themselves without being outrageously unfair to the potential client which is looking at cancellation fees and possibilities more closely since the crisis. Second, with respect to the inflexibility of minimum numbers, if venues hope to attract client, they need to consider the advantage of having one definite client with a contract who may not bring exactly 1000 participants versus one potential client who is still shopping around and may never sign (Event Manager, 2010). From this PESTEL analysis, we can draw several conclusions for GL events next step. First, it is clear that the new technologies, though they will not fully replace live events, are certainly complementing them and they are here to stay. GL events could take advantage of this by creating a network with all its venues. When one event is organised in Nice for example, they could offer the possibility of extending it via 3D conferencing tools to other of their venues around the world. This would increase the potential number of attendees who would not have to sit in front of a computer to enjoy the virtual event but would benefit also from meeting with others who are also in their geographical areas and enjoying the event virtually. People in China could enjoy the conference of the event taking place in Nice and have the opportunity to network with other people afterwards via video-conferencing and face-to-face with people who were also unable to attend the meeting. A second opportunity GL events could take advantage of is the growing importance of the perception of being environmentally friendly which pushes companies to invest in Green stands. Through their event organising service, GL events should try to develop the competencies to offer this possibility to their clients, if possible at a similar cost, to make sure they are in keeping (and even a little ahead) of their times. In these fast changing times, the opportunities are still up for grabs but will soon become threats if venues and organisers do not react quickly.

differences and similarities between huckleberry finn and tom sawyer :: Free Essays

The similarities and differences between Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are two novels that focus on the lives of two different young men living in the same town. Both young men are the main characters of each novel. Tom’s character was based much on the life of the author Mark Twain. Both lost their mother at a young age and both were too smart for their own good. The novels are similar and different in many ways. One way that they are similar are the titles. Both titles give us an idea that the book is about two different boy’s adventure. Another way is their faith both boys reject religion. Huck reason is that when he prayed for what he wanted, he didn’t get anything so he thinks Christian faith and praying is pointless. Both boys personalities are very different practically opposites. Tom is a very unpredictable, uncooperative, and lazy ch ild with a carefree attitude who gets a thrill out of fighting and playing. He is very intelligent for his age even though he smoked. He’s a mischievous child who lives by the quote â€Å"Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do, and that play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do † if there’s something wrong to be done he’s going to be doing it. Deep down inside is a boy who has a very low self esteem and trys to hide it. Tom feels unloved even though he has a family and whenever he feels unloved he imagines his own funeral and questions his existence. Probably that’s the reason why he a troubled child he doesn’t feel that he’s living for any good reason, so he might as well be bad.

Tragic Triumph :: essays research papers

It hardly takes a discerning eye to realize that life does not consist of fairy tale endings. That fact is all too apparent in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, a work which has been labeled a tragedy by many critics. Robert Heilman defines a tragedy as a work of literature in which a character divided within the self makes choices, bears the consequences of those choices, gains a new awareness, and suffers victory in defeat. As you will see, John Proctor is a perfect protagonist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main choice which Proctor must make is simple enough to recognize: lie about his participation in witchcraft or proclaim his innocence and be hanged; however, the actual process of making this decision is not as easy. Proctor vacillates between dishonesty and the upholding of society's and his own morals. In Act IV, anxiety permeates the air as Proctor puts his name on the confession; but somewhere between the quill and the quintessence of the tragedy, Proctor has a change of heart. I believe that the precise point at which he realizes the exigency of the situation is when he emits the soul-wrenching cry, 'You will not use me!'; (142). And so, with these words, the first provision of a tragedy is furnished.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miller spares us the full repercussions of Proctor's decision by ending the play before the hangings. Still, it is evident what the consequence of Proctor's insistent grip on integrity will be: death. I find it much more fitting that Miller excludes the most disparaging part of the play and instead instills in our minds the positive side. Elizabeth plants the seed of this thought when she proclaims of John, 'He have his goodness now'; (143). This statement creates perfect balance in the conclusion of the play, allowing the reader to experience the full psychological weight of the Salem Witch Trials while permitting the presentation of the optimist's viewpoint.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before his untimely death, Proctor gains an awareness of life possible only to those who hold it in insufficient hands and observe it sifting through their fingers like the Sands of Time. His epiphany occurs just after the destruction of the confession, when all havoc breaks loose. In many prior instances throughout the play Proctor's integrity had been alluded to, although the taint of lechery prevented any confirmation of our suspicions. Proctor finally admits it both to us and to himself in saying, 'I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor'; (144). Although it is uncertain whether characters such as Hale ever reached this same point of Tragic Triumph :: essays research papers It hardly takes a discerning eye to realize that life does not consist of fairy tale endings. That fact is all too apparent in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, a work which has been labeled a tragedy by many critics. Robert Heilman defines a tragedy as a work of literature in which a character divided within the self makes choices, bears the consequences of those choices, gains a new awareness, and suffers victory in defeat. As you will see, John Proctor is a perfect protagonist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main choice which Proctor must make is simple enough to recognize: lie about his participation in witchcraft or proclaim his innocence and be hanged; however, the actual process of making this decision is not as easy. Proctor vacillates between dishonesty and the upholding of society's and his own morals. In Act IV, anxiety permeates the air as Proctor puts his name on the confession; but somewhere between the quill and the quintessence of the tragedy, Proctor has a change of heart. I believe that the precise point at which he realizes the exigency of the situation is when he emits the soul-wrenching cry, 'You will not use me!'; (142). And so, with these words, the first provision of a tragedy is furnished.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miller spares us the full repercussions of Proctor's decision by ending the play before the hangings. Still, it is evident what the consequence of Proctor's insistent grip on integrity will be: death. I find it much more fitting that Miller excludes the most disparaging part of the play and instead instills in our minds the positive side. Elizabeth plants the seed of this thought when she proclaims of John, 'He have his goodness now'; (143). This statement creates perfect balance in the conclusion of the play, allowing the reader to experience the full psychological weight of the Salem Witch Trials while permitting the presentation of the optimist's viewpoint.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before his untimely death, Proctor gains an awareness of life possible only to those who hold it in insufficient hands and observe it sifting through their fingers like the Sands of Time. His epiphany occurs just after the destruction of the confession, when all havoc breaks loose. In many prior instances throughout the play Proctor's integrity had been alluded to, although the taint of lechery prevented any confirmation of our suspicions. Proctor finally admits it both to us and to himself in saying, 'I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor'; (144). Although it is uncertain whether characters such as Hale ever reached this same point of

Recreation and Power vs. the Environment :: Free Essays Online

Recreation and Power vs. the Environment The emptying of Lake Powell has now been an issue for years. The sierra club strongly supports the draining of the lake for environmental issues. One side of the debate argues for recreation, water and power supplied from the lake. The other argues for the saving of an environment that is now being destroyed by the existence of the lake. Both sides carry strong support, and the debate sees no clear end coming any time soon. Lake Powell was created in the 1950’s with the building of the Glen Canyon Dam, as part of the Colorado River Restoration Project. This dam was built to support a power plant to power parts of Northern Arizona and Southern Utah, and to ensure the steady water supply of the Colorado. It filled Glen Canyon with water. The lake now crosses into both states and is a recreation area for sightseers, cliff divers, swimmers, fisherman, and boaters. The making of the lake brought about the building of the city of Page, which raises 500 million dollars per year of tourism revenue. This man-made lake now delivers power and water to over 22 million people. But does this power come at a cost? Lake Powell has come as such a cost that does not prove worthwhile. Its draining will help to fix the ecosystem, and the state of the southwest. The water in Lake Powell is now dropping at an enormous rate. The rivers that feed the lake cannot sustain the levels they once had. The lake has dropped over 100 feet. Creating this lake made a water mass that was very susceptible to evaporation; it evaporates at a rate of a million and a half acre feet per year. This would be stopped with the draining of the lake, and letting the river be restored to its original state. With the making of the damn, very important fish and plant habitat was destroyed, some of these being important and endangered species. It also prevented the flow of fish to different part of the river, as there are now 11 dams along the rivers.

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Social Marketing Combating Childhood Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

Fleshiness is a status where there is extra accretion of cholesterin bed in the adipose tissue of tegument taking to overweight which becomes a wellness hazard ( Basdevant, Arnaud, 2008 ) . The addition in the fat accretion may do chronic wellness jobs in long term which becomes a major wellness concern ( Basdevant, Arnaud, 2008 ) . The people with weight more than 85 per centum of Body mass index are considered as corpulence and the people with the organic structure mass index more than 95 per centum are considered as corpulent ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) .Adverse effects associated with fleshiness:Fleshiness may do multiple jobs including physical, physiological and psychological jobs ( Davis et al, 2007 ) . Fleshiness is one of the major grounds for assorted chronic diseases like, diabetes, Hypertension, osteoorthritis and those related to bosom liver, gall bladder, birthrate and gestation ( WHO, 2011 ) , in add-on to physical uncomfortableness it besides causes psychol ogical hurt and decreased ego assurance in the societal life due to hapless organic structure image and visual aspect ( Wardle, 2005 ) .Factors doing the job:The present life manner is wholly filled with mental emphasis as people are busy with their everyday activities and have no clip to pass for healthy activities like exercising and holding a healthy diet ( Basdevant, 2008 ) . These factors may take to fast nutrient civilization and sedentary life manner which that are doing fleshiness ( Gonz & A ; aacute ; lez, 1999 ) . The accustomed activities like passing more clip on picture games and watching telecasting may impact physical activity and lead to sedentary life manner that increases the opportunities of going corpulent ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) . The nutrient behaviors are considered as another of import factor for fleshiness. Devouring fast nutrients with high fat content and taking surplus of measure nutrient as a wont lead to fleshiness ( Davis et al, 2007 ) . The instability between the Calories consumed and the sum of energy spent is an of import factor that causes accretion of fat in the organic structure doing fleshiness ( WHO, 2011 ) . The personal behaviors like smoke and intoxicant ingestion are besides considered as the causes of fleshiness ( Evans et al, 2010 ) .Social sellingDue to the addition in the load of the diseases all over the universe, demand to advance wellness has increased, therefore public wellness field adapted some selling schemes to acquire societal benefits which is called as societal selling ( Grier and Bryant, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Andresen, ( 1995 ) societal selling is defined as ‘the application of commercial selling engineerings to the analysis, planning, executing, and rating of pla ns designed to act upon the voluntary behavior of mark audiences in order to better their personal public assistance and that of society ‘ . In public wellness publicity societal selling is used to promote the behavioral alterations by multi degree attacks through assorted intercessions in community and by making a positive environmental alteration around the audience by presenting the message to public ( Evans et al, 2010 ) .Principles of societal Marketing schemes:The selling schemes should be developed in a insouciant manner that focuses on the normal state of affairss in the society ; these intercessions should be developed by taking in to consideration of the capablenesss of persons ( Donaldson, 2008 ) . Making proper consciousness, supplying with the proper cognition on the issue and making the environment that encourages the coveted behavioral alteration may give satisfactory results than concentrating on the peculiar or individual intercession ( Swinburn, Gill and Kuma nyika, 2005 ) .Social selling scheme for battling fleshiness:Badness of the job:Fleshiness is considered as one of the major public wellness issues which is acquiring worse twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Harmonizing to NHS ( 2011 ) In United Kingdom the figure of prescriptions dispensed for the intervention of fleshiness in 2009 was 1.45 million which is more than eleven times the figure in 1999. The figure of fleshiness related instances recorded in the infirmaries related to fleshiness increased by 30 per centum compared to old old ages, in 2011 ( NHS, 2011 ) . The fleshiness has become a major public wellness and economic job globally and is considered as a major issue in many states with the chief focal point on the childhood fleshiness in peculiarly ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) . It is of import to make consciousness among the people to get the better of the persisting job of fleshiness by the alteration of life style and adaptation of healthy behaviors which can be achieved through societal selling intercessions.High hazard persons:The kids who do non take part in out-of-door activities like out-of-door games, cycling etc, the kids who spend more clip before screen and kids with hapless dietetic wonts are high hazard persons who are prone fleshiness. The kids coming from households with hapless economical position are besides affected more with fleshiness jobs because the prevalence of corpulence is extremely dependent on societal and economical position ( Basdevant, 2008 ) .How to accomplish:By developing a community that is cognizant of the jobs associated with fleshiness by promoting kids and teens to affect more physical activity and to alter in the behavior ( Wadden, Brownell and Foster, 2002 ) . Schools play a critical function in forestalling the childhood fleshiness by developing assorted intercessions to promote healthy diet and physical activity ( Evans et al, 2010 ) . Making consciousness among all the household members migh t convey effectual alteration in behavior of kids because there is some grounds that parents with fleshiness job are more likely to hold corpulent kids due to nutrient behaviors, life style and some familial factors ( Kafia Ayadi, Brian Young, 2006 ) .Educating parents by explicating the hazard factors associated with fleshiness and reding to promote kids to affect in activities like out-of-door games and physical work ( Davis, 2007 ) . Reding the parents to regularly supervise the weight of their kids in order to forestall fleshiness is of import. Evans et Al ( 2010 ) states that driving parents to educate their kids about the measures caloric values of nutrient and to make user friendly environment that encourages physical activity might convey satisfactory alteration in behavior. Koplan, Liverman and Kraak ( 2005 ) suggest that making a healthy market topographic point and healthy media ; play a of import function in altering nutrient behaviors. For illustration, the local eating houses and the local shops might be targeted for proviso of selective low fat and rich alimentary diet to kids.Expected Behavioral alteration:The voluntary behavioral alteration is an of import result expected from societal selling ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . Lifestyle alterations like increased physical activity by discontinuing the sedentary life manner and taking healthy diet like fruits and veggies alternatively of high Calorie nutrients is are major behavioral alterations expected in this program.Outcome expected:The result expected is the alteration of current behaviors which are considered as hazard factors for the present job that is fleshiness, by larning the needed behaviors to command fleshiness, to accomplish good physical and mental wellness. Controling fleshiness through weight loss is the primary end and bar of the job of weight regain in the hereafter is the result expected from the mark audience ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) .Cleavage of audience:Anderson , ( 2005 ) suggests that it is about impossible to advert each and every person in the society because every attack does non suit for all persons. Grier and Bryant ( 2005 ) claim that the mark end is non suited for all because it depends on the assorted factors like personal behaviors, past experiences, single attitudes and demographic variables like age and ethnicity that have impact on the people. So, sectioning the audience is really of import for an effectual societal selling. The cleavage is helpful in making the mark group and concentrating the people with high hazard to act upon behavioral alterations ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) .Target audience:The kids of both genders between the age of five and 15 with hapless economical background are selected and targeted for behavioral alterations through societal selling because there is a relationship between economic position and fleshiness ( Youfa wang, 2001 ) . The adolescent age people are besides targeted to efficaciously alter their behaviors like fast nutrient civilization, smoke, imbibing, and inactive showing and to promote them to take part in out-of-door games which involve physical activity.Why to concentrate on a peculiar group:The adolescents and kids are focused and targeted because childhood and adolescent age are two stages of a human life either to geting good wellness wonts or to develop hazard behaviors like alcohol addiction and smoke ( Pyle et al, 2006 ) . If healthy behaviors are initiated in the teens the fleshiness and the jobs associated with it might be controlled in the hereafter ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) .Target country:The focal point shall be on a geographical country demoing high incidence of fleshiness job and hapless wellness behaviors with particular concentration on Population with hapless socio economic background and hapless wellness attention installations, underscoring the relationship betwe en hapless economic position and wellness behaviors ( Youfa wang, 2001 ) .Consumer barriers:Wayss to understand consumer barriers:The best manner in turn toing the societal selling barriers of people of a peculiar country is, affecting the local wellness militants and administrations as spouses in wellness publicity ( siegel and doner, 2004 ) . Taking some research through qualitative methods like questioning local people and their household members helps to hold an penetration of their behaviors ( Henley and raffin, 2010 ) . Effective communicating which plays a cardinal function in wellness publicity research shall be a good scheme to affect local leaders and individuals inclined to publicity of wellness in their country because communicating plays a cardinal function in wellness publicity research ( Hastings and Haywood, 1991 ) . For illustration parents and household members can efficaciously pass on with kids, have an penetration and can actuate them to alter the behavior ( Eva ns et al, 2010 ) .Target behavioral ends:The set of behavioral ends are planned by utilizing ‘SMART ‘ program which includes ‘Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound, to acquire the best result ( Clerck, 2010 ) . The major end is diminishing the extra weight by altering the current behavior by a set of behavioral alterations. The behavioral alterations include 1 ) Increased physical activity by bring oning self involvement 2 ) Monitoring the nutrient wonts and Calories 3 ) Regular showing of the organic structure mass index. The ends should be planned in an easy come-at-able mode so that the kid can achieve self efficaciousness on the alteration ( Davis et al, 2007 ) . Davis et Al ( 2007 ) besides suggests that parents should develop a uninterrupted communicating on the expected behavioral alterations and a clip end is arranged for all the set of activities.Aims:To better the physical activity of the kids by promoting out-of-door activities like g ames, cycling etc, through support from household, community and assorted school intercessions. To better the dietetic wonts like eating more fruits and veggies and discontinuing the nutrient with high fat content or calorific value like fast nutrients.Schemes to implement the ends:The selling might be made harmonizing to the kids and teens psychological science. for illustration if the kids are passing their maximal clip in forepart of the screen, they shall be encouraged to see programmes related to wellness instruction, athleticss and fittingness which have a positive consequence on their behaviors ( Evanss et al, 2010 ) . Hanley and Raffin ( 2010 ) suggest that Schemes for kids below the age of 10 should be planned in a playful mode by doing utilizing more colorss, lifes and pictural presentation, so that they indulge in the activities. For adolescents scheme shall be competitory type. A multi degree programme is designed to derive the policy support, to acquire support from local societal groups and cognition interlingual renditions are critical to supervise the wellness direction systems ( WHO, 2010 ) . Schools play an of import function in actuating kids to alter their behaviors. The fleshiness intercessions used in schools should concentrate more on achieving healthy weight instead than diminishing present weight ( Pyle, 2006 ) . The authorities policy support is really of import to implement wellness schemes and achieve selling ends. Regulating advertizement of unhealthy nutrient and drinks may assist in bettering healthy nutrient wonts among kids ( Wadden, Brownell and Foster, 2002 ) . In add-on Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, ( 2005 ) advice that cut downing revenue enhancements on low Calories nutrient may convey alteration in nutrient choosing behavior because monetary values of nutrient have a great influence on the populace. Wadden, Brownell and Foster ( 2002 ) suggest that supplying more resources for supplying drama land bettering pavements etc may promote adolescent age people for physical activity. The selling programme should be implemented in multilevel which reference, authorities policies, community degree programmes, school degree, household degree and personal degree ( Evans et al, 2010 ) .Marketing Mix:The Marketing mix is the considered as the best manner to implement the ends in the society and it is proved to be effectual in making the populace ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . Marketing mix includes ‘four P ‘s ‘ they are, ‘Product, Price, Place and publicity ‘ ( Rayner, 2007 ) . Merchandise: Merchandise is an advice or solution given to the consumer which gives personal benefit for himself ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . In the present societal selling program merchandise is the services provided to alter the current behavior. The merchandise is, accommodating patterns of physical activity by passing some clip to regular exercising and healthy nutrition degrees by avoiding fatty nutrients and adding fruits and veggies to regular dietetic bill of fare. Monetary value: In selling monetary value is the cost spent by client whereas in societal selling monetary value of the present mark audience is the clip spent for behavioral alterations. Here monetary value agencies passing around an hr a twenty-four hours for exercising, physical attempt, and psychological uncomfortableness for altering behaviors ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . Topographic point: The topographic point where the kids and teens spend more clip like schools, establishments and in communities they live are chosen in this selling program. Promotion: Promotion of healthier picks is really of import. Healthy behaviors are promoted utilizing assorted intercessions including media runs, booklets demoing images and marks, events with function theoretical accounts and other schemes ( Hastings and Haywood, 1991 ) .Exchange theory in societal selling:Exchange theory is adopted from the commercial selling where the consumer gives money in exchange of the coveted merchandise ( Rothschild, 1999 ) . In societal selling the consumer is giving up the present behaviors voluntarily by passing his valuable clip, some costs for diet alterations and other behaviors. In return the consumer may anticipate better and healthy life which is of existent value for him ( Antonoidis et al, 2003 ) . In the present theoretical account the consumer is discontinuing sedentary behaviors and hazardous nutrient behaviors and in bend anticipating good wellness and positive alteration in his personal and societal life.Development:The jobs within the peop le include the cultural, societal, personal and environmental factors that show impact on their behaviors ( Koplan, Liverman and Kraak, 2005 ) . Koplan, Liverman and Kraak, ( 2005 ) suggests there should be a good grounds of the effectivity of the intercessions. Extensive research utilizing both qualitative and quantitative may assist in cognizing the wide scope of factors associated with the present hazard factor in accomplishing good consequences. The jobs within the administration include the deficiency of clip, deficiency of resources, working staff and deficiency of support from the direction or wellness attention workers. In add-on the Action program: or ( rating ) Strengths:Failing:Decision:In the current state of affairs where fleshiness is presenting a major menace to the society, societal selling has to play an of import function in conveying about major alteration in single wonts. In add-on to this societal selling has to pave way to reforms by the authoritiess to command the unhealthy and hazardous behavior in the society. On the whole societal selling intercessions on childhood fleshiness may give positive consequences in constructing up healthy society. Social selling on childhood fleshiness should be taken up globally taking in to consideration of the geographical, environmental and local societal factors.