AP - Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

AP - subterfuge History - Essay ExampleAt that time, numerous scientific explanations were being discovered to explain phenomenal and to achieve this, philosophers and scientist fancied a unity spirit of humanity approach. (Porter 212).This piece of maneuver was created by Albrecht Drer who was a German and he lived between 1471 and 1528. He produced this work in 1504 to represent Adam and Eve. In the picture, it is seen that Eve is convincing Adam to take the fruit given to her earlier by the snake, a interdict fruit. That was where the fall of man originated. It is also seen that they are in a forest setup, which may be in Germany. Albrecht Drer is German born and in this piece of art, he never intended to emphasis on the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. In the picture there are other symbolic representations, which stage humanity perspective toward nature. They include phlegmatic for ox, phlegm, choleric for cat, yellow bile, and sanguine for rabbit. Further, this shows that th e environmental setup of the artisan uph experienceds a cordial coexistence with animals, which also implicate Italian Renaissance (Porter 218).Arte di Calimala is the patron behind this piece of art produced by Ghiberti that is thought to have been carved around 1401-2 using bronze. This sculpture was produced by the patron for a competition on a religious story. The patron won the competition and was given a declaration to make the door for both the North and East entrances. In the sculpture, the patron had interest in creating an whoremonger space for his relief. The objective of the competition was to provide a communicating piece of art on the old for adoption for the north entrance know as paradise. (Porter

International Business strategy - NOKIA on global market Essay - 1

International Business strategy - NOKIA on global market place - Essay ExampleSmartphone manufacturers are competing with all(prenominal) other in terms of implementing revolutionary technologies, gaining access to new market, advertising exposure and many others. Few Smartphone are doing legal battle with each other in terms of feature and application counterfeiting (for example Samsung paid huge amount to orchard apple tree after losing legal battle of counterfeiting of design and application of iPhone). Some companies are using mechanical man operating(a) system for their Smartphones while others are focusing on windows phone. Market saturation is higher for phones non acquired with contract. Fixed costs associated with smart phone market are high due to requirement of place in latest technologies. Hence it domiciliate be concluded that market rivalry is high. Global Smartphone market condition basis be explained in the following manner.In future Nokia will face specialis ed threat from counterfeit products. Mobile manufacturers complemented by low resorce capabilities tend to imititate features and design of Smartphone manufacturered by reputed companies such as Nokia, Samsung and Apple. Impact of such threat will increase in future.Market players rely heavily on suppliers providing software and hardware integration. Influence of low cost Chinese suppliers is increasing in the mobile manufacturing industry. Foxconn is the Taiwanese supplier for Apple and HTC. Taiwanese suppliers supply HSPA or High Speed Packet Access, evolution data optimizer and touch screen panels to mid and high end Smartphone manufactures. Component source of Taiwanese Smartphone supply can be depicted by using following diagram.Operating systems such as BlackBerry OS, Windows Phone, Android and iOS are essential gears for Smartphone manufacturers. Smartphone manufacturers are relying heavily on their technological partners such as Google and Microsoft. Hence it can be inferr ed that supplier power is high.Nokia needs to follow respective government rule of different countries

My Obstacles and Outcomes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Obstacles and Outcomes - Essay manakinThe problem was that we needed to know what to do with children who are not bilingual and cannot understand the Korean language. I was an English teacher. My job was to lead the children through different activities and preach to them in English. This was a very cross experience since I had never preached before. There was also the problem of age differences. I had to handle children as young as 4-5 years of age as well as children who were in the 5th or 6th grade. I was utilize to smaller groups of children and these were larger. The first day was a nightmare. Firstly, I was not used to delivering a 25-minute sermon. Secondly, I could not get their attention. Thirdly, the preaching take aim was not up to par to their level of understanding. After brainstorming, matters improved. I came up with strategies. I created a PowerPoint presentation. I also searched for funny simple images that colligate to the bible story. For example, in tellin g the story of the blind man I ready a watch of a blind person. I used a strategy of questioning with storyboards and I also found short video clips from YouTube that related to the bible stories. Every child had a chance to answer and as a reward, I provided candy for answering the questions correctly. The final outcome was superb. The children paid attention to the bible study, during arts and crafts, and during their eating periods. The aim of the puke was to have them get to know Christ. I was able to do this by creating a visual effect to catch their attention, providing different questions to match all ages, and rewarding them. In conclusion, the project was a challenge. The summer bible camp was an experience that increased my knowledge of teaching. These experiences made me think of upstart ideas. I am now a Sunday school teacher for 3rd and 4th graders at a new church. I am now able to handle international students more readily. I love teaching and getting to know the children. I hope to encounter other tasks to overcome and benefit knowledge from it, as a member of the Teach For America Corporation.

A Focus on the Different Economic Principles and Theories of John M Term Paper

A nidus on the Different Economic Principles and Theories of John M. Keynes - Term Paper ExampleKeynesian economic principles evoke mixed economies in which both the state as well as the private sector exit play significant roles. The emergence of Keynesian political economy closed the curtain on laissez-faire economics that were based on the idea that markets as well as the private sectors could be able to run short independently without government incumbrance (Keynes, 1936). Keynesian economists believe in the governments role to level the business environment. conjure intervention may take the form of tax breaks and government spending with a view of stimulate the economy. In good economic times, government using up cuts as well as tax hikes would protagonist curb inflation (Blinder, 2006). This paper advances Keyness theory that the best way to ensure economic constancy and growth is by active government intervention in the marketplace and monetary policy.Keynesian Pri nciplesKeynes differed with the autho fig upd economic theories posing various arguments to disapprove them. Basically, Keynes believed that markets could not automatically attain full-employment equilibrium, but rather, the economy would influence in equilibrium at any given level of unemployment (Blinder, 2006). This implies that the classical principles of non-intervention by government would not apply. For the economy to grow in the correct direction, it would require prodding and this means active government intervention in order to manage the demand level. The Keynesian principles are illustrated on the basis of circular income flow. In case of disequilibrium between income injections and leakages, then, according to classical economists, prices would move to appropriately restore the equilibrium. However, Keynes principles that the output level (National Income) get out adjust appropriately in attempt to restore equilibrium (Keynes, 1936). For instance, if, for some reason , there is a rise in income injections, say due to increased government expenditure, an imbalance would result between injections and leakages. Following the resulting especial(a) aggregate demand, firms will tend to employ more persons and this would result in more income within the economy. close to of this income could be spent while some would be saved or remitted in tax. The extra expenditure is likely to prompt most of the firms in that economy to increase their production further creating even more employment opportunities and in turn increasing income within the economy. This process will continue until it finally comes to a stop. It would finally stop since with every increase in income, leakages levels also increase (tax, savings and imports). When income injections finally relate the leakages, equilibrium will be restored. This process, according to Keynes is referred to as the Multiplier effect (Blinder, 2006). Keynesian Theories Keynes suggested that it was not a pe rfect idea to rely on markets in order to attain full employment in the economy. He believed strongly in his view that economies can settle at any given equilibrium. As a result, there couldnt be automatic changes that could correct equilibrium in the markets. The main theories employ to justify the Keynesian view are The labor market theory (the monetarist theory), the money market theory (market for loan-able fund theory), the Multiplier effect theory and the Keynesian Inflation Theory (Keynes, 1936). Monetarist Theory The Labor grocery store To Keynes, wage determination is more complex. First, he pointed out that it nominal wages but not in truth wages that are often subjected to negotiations between workers and their employers such as in barter relationship. In the inaugural place, it is very difficult to effect nominal wage cuts due

Tort issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort issues - Essay ExampleThe another(prenominal) issue is Joe tins father. He becomes concerned and follows the ambulance. He drives at 60 miles per hour instead of 35 mile per hour and as a result gets arrested by the policeIn the get-go case, hindquarters has a duty to obey the speed limits of 10 miles per hour but he refused because of his own nonperformance. If at all he could give up obeyed the traffic law then he could have not find himself in trouble with each capital of Minnesota or police officers. Johns negligence to Paul may be charged as follows Loss of income, impact at 25 mile per hour, general damage, loss of camera, unconsciousness and hospitals bills. In this issue there are two standard cares to be discussed under tort of negligence the first one is the standard care of a reasonable man and the statute care. If the speed limit applies to a pedal bike then John is guilty. But the use of the word unable is an indication that John did not cause the accident knowingly but unintentionally and he was trying to control the situation.John could argue that, he did not see the speed limit sign because it was covered with tree branches. And therefore, it is the primitive right for the government to provide, and make visible, speed limit highway signs as appropriate. Also in Pauls case, John can rightfully claim that Pauls act of crossing the road where it is unmarked for pedestrians constitutes negligence in his part. Therefore, it is possible for Paul to lose the case under contributory negligence law. In order to avoid such contradiction, the court developed an exception called last the whole way expectation .This rule allows Paul to recover first even though it was his fault. Investigation is conducted to prove who had the last clear chance and if it is found that John had the last clear chance then the ruling is unjust and confusing.The other tort in this scenario is the conversion of the camera. Henry is

Public Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Park - Essay ExampleIt ignore be used for different types of activities depending on its character.In Cities Mostly public parks are located where children can play and adults can relaxed. So Topic of discussion is Public Park. A Public park is an rural area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and maintained by a local government. position commonly resemble savannas or open wood make fors, the types of landscape that human beings find most relaxing. Grass is typically kept short to discourage insect pests and to allow for the enjoyment of picnics and sporting activities. Trees are chosen for their knockout and to provide shade.Fig. A Shows graph with negative slope means no of parks decreased with increase time, Fig. B Shows graph with slope positive slope i.e. no of trees increased with increasing time and Fig. C Shows graph with 0 slope i.e. no change in no of parks with respect to time.To read all situations, benefits and risk factor of park shou ld be kept in mind. There always were practiced reasons for bounding space and there always will be. The ancient reasons for imparking land were both domestic and religious. Unfortunately, The strife, the stress and accent of new(a) life have made raft immune to the beauties of nature. Their life is so full of caveat that they have no time to stand and stare. They cant enjoy beauty of flowing rivers, swaying trees, flying birds and majestic mountains and hills. redbrick parks can have a variety of human-oriented themes. Children can have fun and enjoyment by playing different games. In dense areas, parks are only place where adults can refreshen and feel relaxed. Parks can be used for picnics also. Trees play an important role in cleansing the air around us. Pollution free atmosphere is very much required for health.On the new(prenominal) hand Safety is in danger due to parks. Anybody can enter park, so by credential Point of View, Parks can be dangerous. Visits of people r esults in wastage and dirty space. If Parks are not maintained properly, insects and other risk increases in that area, which can harm surrounding people. Again noise created disturbs people staying around. In modern cities loose agglomeration of express roads, semi-isolated buildings, free car parking and sprawling urbanization is required. What modern consumer wants are safety, comfort, and convenience. Accessibility for the rich, inaccessibility for the poor. The high walls of modern cities are time and distance. Within these walls, there is no public open space, which bothers the professionals.ConclusionCities need both. But the two should never be confused. Some of the land should be properly imparked, to make it safe and to make it special. The remainder should be properly

Do androids dream of electric sheep novel by philip k. dick PowerPoint Presentation

Do androids dream of electric sheep overbold by philip k. dick - PowerPoint Presentation ExampleHe swore to protect the andys as without doing so, he could no lifelong be considered a member of the Mercer. All other characters in the novel were against the androids except for Harry and tail who made it possible for them to exist or resilient. Generally, it was in this chapter that thorough investigations were instigated to find and eliminate androids especially by Deckard who was one of the corps.In chapter nineteen of this novel John and Baty can be seen having a little mistaking. The misunderstanding in this case is brought about by the issue of the bounty hunter who was seen approaching their apartment. John was being told by Baty to keep the hunter from entering the apartment, did not listen and exited the apartment continuing his journey to where he always released the spiders given to him by Mercer. On reaching the point, He meets Deckard who talks to him after a woolly m ullein has lightened up in his face. The conversation between Deckard and John in this case was all about the live creatures that were put down by John. Deckard who wanted to know the apartment from which John collected the spiders didnt stick with as John was not willing to tell him with the reason of protecting the three andys.Actually, this chapter of the book depicts on the various conversations and actions by John, Baty and Deckard. The Androids that were being protected by John were later done away with or killed by Deckard after mimicking John Isadores voice that made the androids to open the door. Deckard in this book was verbalize to have a listening gear that could help him in identifying the androids in their hidden location. Generally, this chapter depicts on how the androids were killed disrespect the protection that was instilled by John.This chapter depicts on the conversation between Harry, Deckard and John after the death of the androids. Harry is mentioned in th is chapter telling Deckard on his action of sending a crew to help in picking or taking away the

Brainstorming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Brainstorming - Assignment Examplel events such as essays, debates in their several(a) forms and norms had somehow lost their sheen and it was time for interesting and innovative activities to enter Elite. I guess we had make it with the traditional ones. The willful participation and the pure desire to achieve something for the greater good of the student participation was exhilarating Well In the two hours session that we had, all the boys and girls shared an enthusiastic vibe and the mansion house echoed with charming and smart ideas pulled out form many corners. The diverse experiences we had in our life and the many backgrounds that we hail from all started giving results. A fun list was arrived at that included Rhyming Couplets, Mismatch bill, Air Crash, Wake up as a Celebrity, I am stranded on an unknown island, Translate yourself etc. If literary events were meant to strengthen ones speaking, listening, understanding and analyzing abilities in a language, why not have some decent fun along?Not only was the motility worth its pain, it in fact gave a certain confidence to the participating members, which reflected in their expressions glowing with satisfaction, when the Convener sanction

Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing - Term Paper ExampleBranding strategies enables companies to charge a premium hurt (Kotler, 2003). Michael Kors built his retail empire by joining forces with some smart investors that had lot of experience and victory in the retail industry. In 2003 Lawrence Stroll and Silas Chou bought a controlling interest of 85% in Kors injury for $100 million. These two entrepreneurs invested in Tommy Hilfiger in 1989 and three years later they turn his troupe into a publicly traded corporation. The process to turn a company from a private business into a public firm that can sell its stock in the open market is known as an initial public offering (IPO) (Investopedia, 2011). Kors has implemented a lot of smart marketing strategies that have allowed his brand to differentiate from other designers. The firm recently introduced a new collection of clothes that has the same prestige of the Kors line, but at a lower price point. Another strategy that Kors utilized to increase the gainf ulness of the company was product diversity. The utilization of a product diversification strategy enables companies to expand their market (Theproduct, 2011). Kors began exchange perfumes, handbags, and watches. These products have a higher profit margin than clothes. These new products are considered cash cow products. A cash cow is a product that produces a constant dependable source of income (Answers, 2011).

Impression on Gothic stained glass Research Paper

Impression on medieval stained starter - Research Paper ExampleThis informed the research and evolution of the pre historic stained glasses fabricate by the Egyptians and Romans to the modern day fully fledged industry responsible for the creation of the three dimensional impressions with their stained glasses. The manufacture of stained glass is both an art and craft that requires creative personic dexterity to hit unique designs capable of communicating idealistically and effectively. Additionally, the art requires engineering knowhow to balance the several features of construction to develop a strong window or door. A window particularly the large ones are heavy, additionally, glass of course heavy and fragile, in designing such doors, the engineers must therefore balance the weight of the structures to resist the movement of glasses severance. Windows and doors resist other external pressures such as wind, these have the force capable of breaking a glass, the design of a glass window therefore incorporates the capabilities to resist such external forces further remain light enough to avoid piling pressure on frames. Additionally, window and doorframes are make in particular designs and shapes. Glass is known for its ease to break, this makes manipulating one difficult. The creation of a stained window or door glass therefore considers all these features making it quite a profession. The early Hesperian civilization involved extensive usage of stained glasses to tog their buildings. It was one of the key indicators of societal status owing to their high prices. The glasses were therefore commonly apply in churches and other globe structures such as county halls and in the decoration of royal palaces. The early civilization used these glasses to communicate, arts communicates through diverse means. The manipulation of the stained glasses offered unparalleled mode of communication that could be used to preserve images besides decoration. Most c hurch windows frames were therefore fitted with ghostly portraits of the heavenly beings such as angels, delivery boy and God Himself. These collectively aided the creation of a spiritual theme around churches and other religious places. Arts make use of a number of elements to communicate the ideas of the artists. One of these elements is color, every color has a meaning, this therefore implies that the use and choice of a specific color is determined by the message that the artist intended to communicate. The stained glasses communicate through color they largely employ the use of contrasting colors to create different illusions thereby communicating differently depending on the purpose of the glass and its creator. To decorate places and royal facilities, artists used a gold impression, these gave the facilities an aspect of importance and class. Royalties always portrayed an essence of to a greater extent self worth, they therefore demanded the creation of exceptionally beaut iful structures manufactured and coated with the most expensive rocks (Elizabeth 45). Gothic artifacts are scary impressions some that portray instill fear in their audience, the stained glass engineering science excels in the creation of such thereby developing a horrific feeling in a room fitted with such windows and doors. The glass stained windows are deigned either poeticly or non figuratively. A figurative design relates a story behind the design. In churches, the stories

New Labours Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New tasks Policies - Essay ExampleThis research will bulge out with the statement that New Labours policies and principles that have given the party victory in elections for threesome consecutive terms since 1997 have focused on three crucial areas including the economy, public services including health and education and crime and asylum. Labour has highlighted its achievements since 1997 foc apply on the fact that it has helped to bring down inflation pass judgment to a considerable extent and Britain has now been experiencing a period of sustained economic growth with genuinely low levels of unemployment. Considering changes in health policies, New push back points out that hospital wait times and waiting lists of patients are at the lowest level and the NHS now has 19,300 more doctors and over 77,500 more nurses since 1987 and more fresh equipment have been provided in these hospitals. Police numbers being at record levels, Labour claims that crime is nether control and t he Home Office has laid out strict policies to control undue asylum and emolument seeking. Barry and Patterson have discussed New Labours role within the framework of globalisation and ecological modernization and suggested that all environmental policies and reform projects could only be understood within the context of ecological modernisation or EM principles considering the political factors as well. According to Barry and Patterson, globalisation lies at the centre of any handling on environmental indemnity and the study shows New Labours use of EM preliminary is consistent with the aims of globalization.... ith its unique policies on the issue of asylum and social exclusion, education (Ryan, 2005), public health (Davidson et al , 2003) and economic policies (Raco, 2002) as well as public participation in the governmental agenda and closing making. Moss and OLoughlin (2005) highlight the wide ranging public policy programme initiated by New Labour in areas of data and c ommunications technology. The political ideology of new Labour seem to be the best explanatory pecker for providing insights into New Labours policy developments. Moss and OLoughlin provide an ideological explanation of New labours ascend to policy structures and suggests that New Labours approach to policy development in technology is structured, defined and is also conceptual and epistemological. Thus New labour seem to be responding to the new political ideology of the information age at the level of policy and this is reflected in its positive attitudes to new technology. The relationship between ideology and policy seem to be distinctly related and would require further analysis to understand whether New Labour project is in any way unique and if so whether there is a clearly defined political philosophy followed by New Labour that seems to reflect in its policy implementations. However one important aspect of arrangement that seems to set apart New Labour and make it diffe rent with a definite New Labour project is the partys attempt to connect with citizens at all levels. As Morsion and Newman (2001) state, the Labour government has been increasingly using technology to connect with citizens and to this aim the UK Online and Citizens Portal initiative was launched to improve the level of service and improve interaction between government and the citizens. However Morison and Newman claim

Ancient and Medieval Political Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Ancient and Medieval Political Theory - Essay ExamplePlato was an enemy of democracy because agree to him, he identified deficiencies in the Athenian democracy. Plato asserted that the Athenian democracy promoted inherent class tension did not focus on promoting equality and liberty of all the people and it was incompetent realize of presidential term (Plato 295).Aristotle offers the best explanation about just city because according to him, a government is that which provides eidos or form to a certain political conjunction. This type of regime by description means a plain end or telos that a regime will hold as its authoritative manner of life. This implies that the regime will organize the authoritative institution within that particular political community. Therefore, a regime is the project or form, which arranges political fellowship with respect to its bureau or offices particularly the sovereign. Aristotle argues that the polis is the political environment or society and the political society has power over the citizens or the governed. Aristotle states that what structures the political society is the scheme or structure of the community that has power over and governs over all the other schemes or forms of political community or society that influence human habitat (Aristotle 21-3).According to Plato, inherent class tensions were evident in the disunity between the Athenian classes that lacked discipline and respect to the ordinary citizens because of power. This according to Plato came from the incentives of the governed not to submit to the opinions of the governors. Democratic society in this sense goes on to abuse as contemptible people who honor and respect the government and preserves its approval in personal and public life for governors or rules who number like subjects and subjects who act like governors or rulers. Consequently, this leads to dictatorship and revolution. Plato explains that this eventuality leads to totalitarianism which is the most cruel and unjust system of

Denim (Jeans) Market in the U.K Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Denim (Jeans) Market in the U.K - Essay ExampleConsumers butt joint now find jeans at 3 in many outlets including Tesco and Matalan. The supermarkets however, have shifted away from selling the discounted brands and compress on building their own labels. Prices in the mass market have fallen due to cheaper imports especially from China, and because other retail brands like Marks & Spencer, Next, and Burtons have reduced their prices. The premium brand jeans atomic number 18 attempt to justify their price tags against the own-label brands at 20-40. Jeans in the UK market are trying to differentiate themselves with cult connotations, lifestyle images, and distinctive details (Mintel 2005). At the same time, below-cost pricing methods by the super markets and their increasing presence in the convenience store sector have prompted government intervention (BBC 2006).In the clothing industry and in the jeans industry in particular, several factors like innovation and new products have to be introduced frequently. Recently, when there was a shift from bootleg jeans to narrow skinny styles, sales went up remarkably high. This has caused the denim market to tump over sales of $15.26 billion (8.79 billion) in 2005, an increase of 9.3 percent from the year before (FashionUnited 2006). .At the same time, research suggests that brands progress to play an important role for the purchase of jeans (Jeans1 2006).Standard clothing seems to the major market, with fashion wear winning only about 15% of all sales (Keynote n.d.). Standard womens wear has the largest share and topic players dominate these sectors while fashion clothing also have strong but regional chains. The harvesting in the recent years has been in the discount clothing market. Jeans are ageless and not abysmally youthful in design, which effectively means that men, women and children of all ages use it.Consumers expect low prices, and increasing incomes are the key to increased economic activity. Acco rding to Jones and Hayes

Exponential Decay of a Transition Metal Complex Ion Lab Report

exponential Decay of a Transition Metal Complex Ion - Lab Report ExampleIt has shown that the rate of alpha, beta, and electron capture decays all depend on temperature and whether they are placed in an insulating or a conducting material. Thats elicit because it raises the possibility of treating radioactive waste products. But it also raises a problem for particle physicists whose entire standard model assumes that decay rates cannot be influenced by external factors.The two are unrelated, so no there is no relationship between the two properties. I dont think temperature has anything to do with the nucleonic states, only the kinetic energy of the electrons in a solid. So temperature should have no effect on half life. In fact, temperature and chemical changes have no effect on the decay of nuclides. The only way to change the half life is to move it at relativistic speeds and then it becomes a matter of which reference frame you measurement it in. In fact for the frame at r est with the nuclide there is no change in half life at relativistic

Economic Advantages of Free Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

economic Advantages of Free Trade - Essay ExampleThis essay presents a brief informative theoretic overview of the authoritative economic effects, that free trade agreements exert on economic performance of a country.When country trades with former(a) state, it either exports products to that country or it imports, procures products and services from that particular(prenominal) nation. When a country exports different goods and commodities to other component states, it can be seen that it stands better chances of generating revenue from that particular activity. Exports boost the wealth of the nation and imports also throw to the welf are of the country. When a country sells certain goods to other countries, it generates revenue in the form of foreign fortunate and this cash can be channelled into the economy and it can help it to develop. Precious commodities such as gold and other minerals are exported to other countries and they bring a lot of forex to the host country. O ther industries such as textile also export different goods to other countries and these exports help to generate revenue for the host country. The specie is used for other developmental purposes and it helps the host nation to improve its economy. With a thriving export trade in a country, it can be seen that employment is also likely to be created as a result of the growing demand of the products that are locally produced and sold to other countries. This means that more money is injected in the economy and it can also be used for developing other social creature comforts such as health, education as well as infrastructure. The roads in a particular country are likely to be developed and buildings are also likely to be constructed as a result of free trade between member states that will help each other to gain the desired objectives in as far as economic growth and development are concerned. The other advantage of free trade among member states is that they can easily

Scan of the annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Scan of the annotated bibliography - Essay ExampleQualitative research uses a naturalistic approach that seeks to infer phenomena in context-specific settings. In contrast, quantitative methods are, in general, supported by the positivists paradigm, which characterizes that the world is made up of plain and measurable facts. Positivists assume that a fixed measurable reality exists external to people (Glesne, 1999). On the otherwise hand, qualitative methods are generally supported by the interpretivist (also referred to as constructivist) who portrays the world in which reality is socially constructed, complex, and ever changing. Each represents a fundamentally different inquiry paradigm and researcher actions are found on the underlying assumptions of each paradigm.The non-experimental studies utilize a variation of research methods such as observations, interviews, survey, questionnaires, etc. The data for these studies were mostly the responses of participants and self-rep orts and were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The wealth of research on various topics on romance provided a credible backdrop for the analysis of data.Glesne (1999) states that qualitative researchers seek out a variety of perspectives they do not reduce the multiple interpretations to a norm. She adds that in qualitative research, face-to-face interactions are the dominant distinctive feature and also the basis for its most common problem. Such problem she states include researchers employment with the people they study and the accompanying challenges, and opportunities that such closeness brings.Straus and Corbin (1990) claim that qualitative methods can be use to better understand any phenomenon about which little is yet known. They can also be used to gain new perspectives on things about which much is already known, or to gain more in-depth development that may be difficult to convey quantitatively, or where the researcher has determined that quantitative me asures cannot adequately signalize or

Estee Lauder Essay Example for Free

Estee lauder Es assureThe companionship portion outs a variety of sweetheart and hair-care increases and presently employs 31,300 people. Over the course of its purport succession, the comp any(prenominal) has bought or merged with many famous beauty chumps. near of the more recognizable companies that are a part of the Estee lauder family include Clinque, Aramis, La Mer, Origins, Bumble and Bumble, Aveda, and Bobbi Brown.In 2006, they were marketplaceing their products to over 130 countries, and in September, they made agreements with the popular designers, Coach and Missoni, to create their fragrances. Also in 2006, Estee laudator sold their composition line, Stila, as it was not generating enough revenue. In 2007, they acquired Ojon, a popular Canadian hair-care company, l geniussome(prenominal) when sold their Rodan + Field brands. Sales began growing tremendously in China and Russia and helped the companys overall(a) gross revenue grow nine percent from the pre vious year.The company similarly annoz.d that Frabrizio Freda, in the first place from Proctor and Gamble, would become their future president and chief operating officer starting in 2008. In 2008, Estee lauder hired Omnicon Media Groups M2M as their advertising agency in twelve contrastive countries including places in Europe and Asia. During 2008 Estee Lauder likewise introduced their Time Z integrity Line and Wrinkle Reducing Moisturizers which were clinically proven to drop the shins unmistakable age. The company besides opened up a brand new facility in Ontario for manu facturing and development.Situational Analysis During the months of September, October, November, and celestial latitude, Estee Lauder publicise the following products doubly bore Lipstick, travel dark come to, Double Wear Makeup SPF 10, Bold saturation Lifting Mascara, and Sensuous by Estee Lauder ( odorize). The most popular items advertised were the Double Wear Lipstick, which ran three diff erent cartridge ads, and the Advanced Night fix which was featured several measures on the stern cover summon of magazines and in advancemental company emails. Situational AnalysisThe features of the Double Wear line include the option to choose liquid or powder typography, the ability to create desired coverage, and a wide range of shades for every skin type. The advantages of the Double Wear line are the twelve to fifteen hour staying government agency and that setup is homelike to wear and silky smooth to the touch. The benefits of the Double Wear line are that the products dispel SPF-10 and once the makeup is applied, thither is no need for touchups. The features of the Advanced Night Repair are that it prevents future aging injure from occurring and it reduces upon that has already been done to skin.The advantages of the Advanced Night Repair include over twenty- louvre eld of research rear end the formula, Estee Lauders exclusive Chronolux Technology, and it has over 20 patents worldwide- so you cant find it anywhere else. The benefits of Advanced Night Repair are the dramatic reduction in the visible signs of aging on the face. Estee Lauder sells a variety of beauty care products besides the ones that are advertised. They sell makeup for the face, middles, and lips, along with tools such as makeup drages, makeup remover, and nail polish.They overly sell many skincare products for different needs, such as firming, age-prevention, anti-wrinkle, moisturizers, and the evening out of skin tone. They likewise sop up a luxury line called Re-Nutriv that contains an assortment of makeup and skincare that contain real gemstones indoors their formulas. Estee Lauder also sells fragrances for men and women. Many gift sets that contain a mixture of skincare, perfume, and makeup are also offered for bring down prices. Estee Lauders target market is defined by several categories, the broadest beingness females.This is due to the fact that most of Estee Lauders products are catered towards females. Since many of Estee Lauders products involve anti-aging, their customer should be interested in preserving their youth therefore, the target market age is a more mature woman, in her thir data links or older. The income of these women can range from average to a luxuriously income, as the prices of their products range from $20 to $1000. Two consumer categories from VALS II that describe the Estee Lauder target market are Achievers and Actualizers. Achievers want premium products which Estee Lauder can offer them.They like to try a variety of products, and even though they may brand hop, Estee Lauder knows they leave come back due to their high quality products. Actualizers make the most currency so Estee Lauder looks to them to buy their luxury line, ReNutriv, which can cost up to $1000 for an 8. 4 ounce jar of creme. The Actualizers also like technology, so the company tries to attract them by advertising the science behind their new formulas, such as the Chronolux Technology use in their Advanced Night Repair. Two retail Target Markets that pertain to Estee Lauders target market are guiltless and Update.Estee Lauder caters to the Classic Markets needs by offering exceptional service at their sales counters in specialty stores. The salespeople are very knowledgeable and are willing to help customers find their perfect makeup match or skincare problem solver. The Classic Market also does not care whether or not a product is on sale, which is a reason why Estee Lauder rarely puts items on sale and is able to charge more money for products. The Update Market is more fashion former group who want to keep up with trends. Estee Lauder advertises mainly in womens fashion magazines in decree to catch the attention of this market.Since the Update Market favors shopping in discussion section stores, Estee Lauder puts their sales counters in stores like Macys, and Lord and Taylor. They also put their counters up in more upscale department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman and Nordstrom. One of Estee Lauders competitors is Lancome, who is a part of the LOreal brand. Lancome offers similar products and service as Estee Lauder and at competing prices. Lancome even has an equivalent of Estee Lauders Advanced Night Repair which is called Genifique. Both companies advertise mainly in the alike(p) magazines, and therefore have the very(prenominal) target market.Lancome also has sales counters in the very(prenominal) department stores as Estee Lauder and the cardinal are often locate near each other. They also offer similar gift sets at reduced prices and have the same free gift with purchase sales promotions. Development of Creative Strategy Estee Lauders publicizings in magazines are usually cardinal pages or are on the second and fourth cover pages. In American magazines, the advertisements are all function ads and their back screen backgrounds are very dark color ins, usually a navy blue or black. For instance, the Double Wear Lipstick, Sensuous by Estee Lauder, and Double Wear Makeup SPF 10 ads all have a black background.All of the Advanced Night Repair advertisements have a navy blue background and also have a trope of a DNA go behind the photograph of the product. However, in the November 2009 issue of U. K Cosmo, the companys advertisement for their Bold Volume Lifting Mascara has a golden yellow background. The product (Bold Volume Lifting Mascara) was also only advertised in the U. K issue. No other advertisements for the product could be found in an American magazine. The text on all of the makeup magazine ads is white. The advertise, Estee Lauder, is always in all capital letters and is either on the very top or very hind end of the ad.The Double Wear Makeup ads always contain Estee Lauder (headline) on the bottom leave page under the picture of the model. The text on the perfume ad for Sensuous was in purple, and was probably due to the fact tha t the shirt that the model was wearing was white. The headline of this ad was also in the middle of the page, which was very unusual compared to every other ad ran in this time frame. All the advertisements that contain a model seem to have the same one a beautiful, skinny, pale-skinned, bru pelfte with b reform blue affectionatenessballs and long, lightly wavy hair. This model is seen in every ad except for Advanced Night Repair.The model is always located on the left page. She may also be on the full page, but there will always be a picture of her on the left page as well. This is seen in the Double Wear Lipstick ad where the left page is mainly taken up by the models head and then the same model is also shown in profile which spans on to the right page. This same model also appears in email advertisements from the company and is also featured in the Virtual Makeup Tool on the Estee Lauder website. No matter when or where the product was advertised, the graphics remained the sa me.In the Advanced Night Repair ad, a large picture of the serum is splashed across the page. In the Double Wear Lipstick ad, five lipsticks in various shades are in the bottom right corner. In the Sensuous ad, the eye is first drawn to the model, who takes up the entire page. The perfume bottom is located in the bottom right corner and is not instantly noticeable. In the Bold Volume Lifting Mascara ad, there are four mascara tubes and one brush located in the bottom right corner. The Double Wear Makeup SPF-10 ad contains pictures of a compact filled with pressed powder, and ii liquid foundations again located in the bottom right corner.The Double Wear Lipstick line ran three different ads during this time period. The three ads were exactly the same except the sub-headlines and expansions were different. In the September and October ads, the sub-headline read 12-Hour Staying Power. New Double Wear Lipstick. In the December advertisement, the sub-headline read, Double the Wear, Dou ble the Color. New Double Wear Lipstick. there was only one deflection between the amplification in the September and October advertisements. This difference was that only in October was the price of the lipstick shown.The amplification for it read, $22. 00 suggested retail price. The December ads amplification was completely different from the prior two, but still mentioned the same features, advantages, and benefits. All of these ads had the same action to take which was shop now at esteelauder. com. There is not much white length on these ads. The most noticeable white space would be on the back page of the Sensuous ad. The headline, Estee Lauder, is at the top in a large font. At the very bottom of the ad is a picture of the Sensuous gift box that takes up the bottom forty percent of the page.In the middle of this ad, the sub-headline, Wrap her in warmth and luxury. Seductive Destination 82. 50, outlay over 120. 00, is centered and there is a great deal of white space around it, which allows the eye to focus on it. The objectives of the ad campaigns were to be informative and persuasive. Because both the Advanced Night Repair and the Double Wear Lipstick were new products, Estee Lauder wanted to make sure people knew about them. These were the two products they pushed the most in this time frame. Both products ads had more text than some of their older products in order to explain their features more clearly.Advanced Night Repairs ad dedicated most of its space to several paragraphs explaining how the serum fixes damage caused by the environment and a persons genes. By being informative, Estee Lauder was able to teach people about their new products which then helped persuade them to buy them. They explained how they were the only people to have this new technology and how even scientists agree that their product works best. The execution bearing the ads used were diagonal of life, lifestyle, and scientific evidence. Slice of life is used in the Adva nced Night Repair ad when it says For every woman, every night.The product is supposed to be used nightly to reduce the signs of aging, so they stick that phrase directly into the advertisement to let people know that this is a product used in everyday life. The Double Wear Makeup SPF- 10 ad also uses slice of life in their ads. They read whether its a workday, a workout, or a weekend theres a Double Wear formula to keep up with your active day which also shows that this makeup is perfect for every day, no matter what may be on the customers agenda. Lifestyle is also seen throughout all of these ads. Sensuous speaks to a male audience and tells them to Wrap her in warmth and luxury.Estee Lauder tries to show that the perfume is meant to make a woman feel gilded and special when she wears it, and that it will enhance her mood. The Double Wear Lipstick enhances a womans life by making her life a little easier by not having to worry about the staying power of her makeup. They say glid e it on once and dont think twice, showing women that there is no need for touchups with this lipstick. Advanced Night Repair boasts that their product reduces the signs of aging due to past damage caused by every major environmental assault and will help prevent future damage.scientific Evidence is also seen in the Advanced Night Repair ad. The ad says right away that scientists mean that DNA damage ages our skin too fast and that this product contains twenty five years of ground breaking DNA research and the newly patented Chronolux Technology which helps reduce the effects of aging. They then say its tomorrows technology- today, trying to make the product seem futuristic and more technologically advanced than any other serum out on the market. Scientific Evidence is also seen in the Bold Volume Lifting Mascara advertisement.The ad talks about their exclusive BrushComber that gives you all the thickening of a brush with the definition of a comb. All of these ads contain at leas t(prenominal) one of these execution styles. These styles tie into the advertising objectives for informing and persuading consumers. The scientific evidence informs potential buyers of the new technology that only Estee Lauder has, bit the lifestyle and slice of life execution styles try to persuade them to buy the products due to enhancements they will make in a customers everyday life. Media AnalysisThe media vehicles that Estee Lauder used to advertise were the magazines, Elle, general, planetary U. K, self, Vogue, Instyle, concourse, and Glamour. They were also featured on department store websites, such as Macys. com and Nordstrom. com. Estee Lauder also move out promotional company emails every couple of days to people on their mailing refer. The image for Elle Magazine is 1,105,456 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Double Wear Lipstick ad which consisted of two full page, colored consort ads. The asking price for a colored, one page bleed ad during December is $138 ,175.Because they used two pages, the total cost of the ad was $276,350. The CPM of this ad was $249. 99. Elle Magazine is issued monthly, heavy(a) the advertisement a one month shelf-life. Estee Lauder also needed to order space in the magazine to advertise at least two months in advance, giving their ad a long lead time. Elle also has a high muddle due to the large amount of advertisements it contains, making it harder for Estee Lauder to impact their customers. The slip by for Cosmopolitan magazine is 2,907,436 customers.Estee Lauder ran their Sensuous by Estee Lauder ad and their Double Wear Lipstick ad in Cosmopolitan. The asking price for a one page color ad is $215,900. Both of Estee Lauders ads were bleed ads, which costs 15% more, making them, $248,285. Estee Lauder also used two pages for their ads, and added a flavor sample (prices not listed for additional insert), making the total price $496,570 per ad. The CPM of each of these ads was $170. 79. Estee Lauder needed to tolerate for their advertisements at least one month in advance, giving their ad a lead time of one month or longer.Cosmopolitan is a magazine that is issued monthly, so the shelf-life is also one month. Cosmopolitan is also mainly comprised of advertisements, so the there is high clutter and low frequency The reach for self magazine is 1,516,075 customers. Estee Lauder advertised their Double Wear Makeup SPF-10 on the second cover page and the third page of the magazine. The asking price for the second cover page is $200,123. The full color bleed ad on the third page cost $97,100. The total price for this advertisement was $297,223. The CPM of this ad was $196. 05.Self is published monthly, giving the ad a one month shelf life. There is high clutter due to the large amount of ads in the magazine. The reach for Vogue is 1,298,480 customers. Estee Lauder ran several different ads with this magazine. They used the fourth cover page in October 2009 for an Advanced Night Repair ad. The asking price for the fourth cover page was $188,922. The CPM for this ad was $145. 49. Estee Lauder also ran their Double Wear Lipstick ad and their Advanced Night Repair ad which were both two page, color, bleed ads, which cost $302,266. The CPM for these ads was $232. 8 each. Vogue is also issued monthly, giving the ad a one month shelf-life. Vogue, like Cosmopolitan, is also mainly comprised of advertisements, creating high clutter. The reach for Instyle magazine is 1,738,787 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Advanced Night Repair ad on their fourth cover page. The asking price for the fourth cover page was $201,800, making the CPM of this ad $116. 06. Instyle magazine is published monthly, giving the advertisement a one month shelf-life and there is high clutter due to the large amount of advertisements within the magazine.The reach for People Magazine is 3,615,858 customers. Estee Lauder ran a one page color bleed ad in the September 28 issue. The cost for a one page color bleed ad was $266,780. The CPM for this ad was $73. 78. People is published weekly, giving the advertisement a shelf-life of one week. Estee Lauder had to send in their printing materials about twenty six days before the publish date, creating a lead time of about 26 days. The reach for Glamour magazine is 2,389,915 customers. Estee Lauder ran their Advanced Night Repair ad which was a two page colored bleed ad.The cost of a full page color bleed ad was $200,491. The total cost for this ad was $400,982, making the CPM for this ad $167. 78. Glamour is published monthly, giving the advertisement a shelf-life of one month. Estee Lauder had to send their ads in at least a month and a half before the publishing date, giving the advertisement a lead time of a month and a half or longer. Estee Lauder also sent out many promotional emails throughout the course of this time frame. These emails, however, were only for people who entered their names on a mailing list on the companys website.T here was no clutter in these emails as they were directly from the company and only pertained to their products. These emails were sent out every few days, giving them a shorter shelf-life than magazine ads. Estee Lauder actively used sales promotions to sell products. They often offered free gifts with purchases over a certain amount. For example, in September, Macys offered a free gift bag filled with makeup with any Estee Lauder purchase of $29. 50 or more. This gift was advertised by Estee Lauder in the September 28 issue of People Magazine.Within this gift bag was a deluxe sample of Advanced Night Repair and two Double Wear Lipsticks, which were popular products advertised by the company during this time period. Nordstrom also offered free gifts with any $39. 50 Estee Lauder purchase in October. Customers had a survival of four bags filled with goodies that either lifted, reduced, toned, or prevented aging. This gift bag was cute at $125. In their own promotional emails, Este e Lauder also advertised free shipping on their website with purchases over $50. They also gave three free samples of the customers choice with any purchase.During November, Estee Lauder had a free gift bag with purchase of $39. 50 that was also valued at $125. Customers were also able to choose their own skincare and makeup shades for their gift. Once this promotion was over, they moved on to their Color Spectacular Promotion. With any Estee Lauder fragrance purchase, customers were able to buy the Estee Lauder Color Spectacular Cosmetic Traveler for only $55. This Traveler contains twenty five shades of eye shadows and blushes, mascaras, eyeliners, lipsticks, brushes, a travel mirror, and two cases, making it worth over $340.This promotion started on November 16th on Estee Lauders website. The promotion started being offered at Macys on November 20th. This promotion is still currently in progress. Financial Overview During the past three years, Estee Lauders total sales have lift by over one billion dollars. The total sales increased from $6,463,800,000 in 2006 to $7,910,800,000 in 2008. Their net income has also increased dramatically. Three years ago, their net income was $244,200,000. Last year, their net income rose to $473,800,000. Conclusion No evidence of pre-testing or post-testing has been found in research for Estee Lauder.Estee Lauder has been working on both market penetration and production development. Their older skincare and makeup products have done extremely well in the past three years and their sales continue to grow at a steady rate. They have also introduced new skin care products as a part of their product development which will also have a dramatic effect on their sales. Although the United States and the Americas has continuously been the lean one country in terms of sales, Estee Lauder has been focusing more on increasing their market shares in the Asia-Pacific region. This is due to the down turn in the economy that has been happ ening over the past two years in the United States. They hope in the future that this area will soon become the number one buyer for their products.

Japanese fiction works are better than Western ones Essay Example for Free

Nipponese allegory works atomic number 18 advance than Western ones EssayQWhat kind of lacquerese fictionalisation works?AThis presentation is mostly about comics and animation produced in Japan, but it covers also TV Shows and movies thing Nipponese fictionGeneral Purpose To persuadeSpecific Purpose To persuade you that Nipponese fiction is better than Hesperian fiction regarding comics, animation, movies and TV give tongue tosThesis statement Although Western come onulate adopt Japan as a calculating land with brutally efficient workers, they atomic number 18 in fact individualistic, communicatory and sentimental if we can judge them from their works of fiction who surpass our own in various aspects conceptionI. How otherwise countries think of JapanII. Thesis statementIII. Reminding the meaning of the terms manga and animeBodyI. start-off channel Japans tendency to mix various influences from all over the worldA.Japan follows various foreign things and merges them with other elementsB.Example regarding religion of JapanC.This tendency in regards to fictionII.Second Argument How Japanese portray life, homophilerelations, temper and the world in their fiction worksA.Human nature is visualized as it isB.Japans popular culture has a tight closeness to the ordinary, e rattlingday lives of its audienceC.Manga on every theme imaginable and toward any mount up rangeD.How human relations are portrayedIII.Third Argument Heroes fate after their struggle, death and the moral philosophy of the universe in Japanese fictionA.What defines a hero in JapanB.Death in japanese fictionC.View of the universe as amoralIV.Opposition/RefutationA1. Pornographic themes in manga and animeA2. RefutationB1. Japans cultural insularism robs it of relevance for other societiesB2. RefutationConclusionI. Quote from Antonia LeviIf someone im break off say that Japanese people are imaginative, sentimental, expressive and individualistic might earn him strange glances in most countries of the world. Many Westerners see Japan as a cold, calculating land of ant-like workers with brutal efficiency. Students are seen as oppressed slaves to their studies, pounded belt down like nails until their imaginations and individuality are crushed, or until they are driven to suicide. Japanese social culture is a great deal seen as blanketed under stifling layers of politeness and formality, characterized by endless bowing.However, underneath all these there is the hide Japanese soul. Almost all of the Japanese escape from reality through fiction works. These domestically created fiction works be it comics, animation, movies or TV shows enjoy great popularity not only in Japan but also in many countries of the world. Therefore, because these specific works are strikingly disparate from what were apply to here in the Western world, it is inevitable to compare these two the Western fiction works and the Japanese ones.Hello, everybody, my name is I forget talk to you about Japanese fiction works and I will compare them to Western ones so as to enforce my opinion and persuade you of course, that Japanese fiction is better than Western fiction. Before starting, I want to make you acquainted with two terms. Manga, which is used to refer to the Japanese comics and anime, which refers to the Japanese animation.As a first argument, I drive to inform you that Japan has the tendency to borrow various foreign things and to tinker with them, merging them with native or other elements so that they locomote something forward-looking and often quite distinct from the original. As an example, regarding religion, Taoism was the original religion of Japan but this didnt stop Japanese people from accepting Buddhism as well, and as yet acquiring some aspects of other religions in addition, like Christianity. In works of fiction this tendency of the Japanese means new and non-static entertainment through mixing different influences from around the world without having to suffice only to the myths and the influences of their own country.For my second argument supporting Japanese fiction, I want to inform you about the way Japanese portray life, human relations, nature and the world in their fiction works. The world and human nature in Japans pop culture can be portrayed as they are, not as they should be. This allows Son Goku, Dragonballs raised in the wild, central character, to be drawn naked, without the mysterious parts-covering fig leaf that had to be added for American TV. It allows as well, the darker side of life to be portrayed. In an end of Naniwa Kin Yudo, which is an anime TV series, the protagonist Haibara encourages the girlfriend of a customer, who cannot repay his loan, to work as a prostitute to cover her boyfriends debt. Scenes such as this can be disturbing but they are part of life and are neither denied nor hidden. Kazuhiko Torishima, editor of Japans best-selling comic magazine Shonen Jump states I tac tual sensation sorry for U.S. kids, who live in an adult-filtered Disney world. Moreover, Japans popular culture has a tight closeness to the ordinary, everyday lives of its audience.American comic artist Brian Stelfreeze has said Comics in the U.S. have become such a caricature. You have to have incredible people doing incredible things, but in Japan it seems like the most popular comics are the ones of normal people doing normal things. Part of the normalcy is that the characters that populate Japans manga, anime and TV dramas display flock of character flaws and weaknesses along with their strengths and cheeseparing points. Further much, as Ian Reader, a scholar of Japanese religions and popular culture, has noted Manga are simply too fascinating, colorful and rich a literary medium to be left only to children. In Japan one can find manga on any theme imaginable and toward any age range. which is certainly not the case with American comic go fors.In addition, Timothy Craig wh ich is an author, writes in his book entitled Japan Pop that, human relations are a pervasive topic in Japanese pop culture, as one would expect from a society that places great importance on the group, harmony, and the smooth management of conflict. Human relations are also portrayed with a sophistication that does justice to the complexity of human affairs. Issues are many-sided, emotions are mixed, solutions are neither easy nor obvious, and outcomes are often doubtful not unlike real life. He continues by saying that, in Japanese fiction the human characters are to a greater extent real. Theyexhibit a fuller range of human emotions and are put into more realistic situations, sometimes with unpleasant outcomes, than allowed by Disneys perfectly preserved, stiflingly safe fairytale-based storylines.For my last argument I will talk about heroes fate after their struggle, about death and the morality of the universe and therefore god, in Japanese fiction. We here in the Western w orld, are used to good being only good and be rewarded in the end and evil being only evil and be punished in most of the cases. This is not the case in Japanese culture. Its not unk directlyn in Japan for heroes to become villains and vice versa. Moreover, the Japanese hero is defined by motivation than in the West where heroism is more dependent on result. The ideal Japanese hero is not only self-sacrificing, but also careless with personal gain or survival. The heros willingness to give his or her all to it is what counts. Winning doesnt matter either. Losing and gaining nothing confirms the heros selflessness and renders his or her sacrifice all the more tragic. Many characters also, meet meaningless, undeserved ends. And fans love that aspect, the fact that big(p) things, even death, can happen to any character at any time. It doesnt matter how brave, how good, or even how popular they are. jibe to my opinion, this fact is absolutely in accordance to how our own world works. Death and tough things generally, can be around the corner for any person, no matter how kind or good-willed he or she is. According to a book by author Antonia Levi titled Understanding Japanese vitality that doesnt happen on American TV where virtue is rewarded and evil is punished. Thats mainly because America is a Christian culture that believes that the universe is, or it should be, a moral place. The Japanese peoples take on this is that universe is amoral. Shinto as well, has no moral code at all It simply celebrates life. Heroism and self-sacrifice whitethorn define a japanese character as a hero, but they will not relieve him or her. The universe simply doesnt care.On the opposing side now and regarding manga and anime specifically, some of you may have noticed and may say that a lot of these works have pornographic themes. Wrong. According to the author of the book Understanding Japanese Animation these works are actually a very small portion of the total production o f Japan in manga and anime that is disproportionately exportedto the Western world. other opposition stated by quite a few people, expresses that Japan is a one-dimensional scotch power marked by a cultural insularity that robs it of relevance for other societies. Wrong again. The conquest and bearing of Japans cultural exports in countries apart from Asian ones such as U.S.A, Canada and most of the European countries is vigorous evidence that Japans culture does have relevance for other societies.To conclude, and quote author Antonia Levi, its not just that Japans pop culture deals with dilemmas in a more realistic fashion, or that it raises issues considered taboo in other countries. Its willingness to show death and other bad stuff restores a kind of tension, a genuine dramatic emotionalism that Hollywood and TV seem to have forgotten about.BibliographyClements, Jonathan and Helen McCarthy. The Anime Encyclopedia A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917 Stone Bridge Press, 200 1.Craig, Timothy. Japan Pop Inside the World of Japanese Popular refinement East Gate, 2000.Levi, Antonia. Samurai from Outer Space Understanding Japanese Animation Carus Publishing, 1998.Patten, Fred. Anime Stereotypes. Newtype, Issue Dec.2003 A.D.VisionPublications.For my third argument supporting my opinion, I will talk about the presence of female heroes in Japanese fiction. In the Western world apart from such exceptions as Wonder Woman, She-ra and Xena the role of superhero has traditionally been reserved for males, and steered a predominantly male audience especially in comic books. This is not the case with Japanesefiction. Japanese dont neglect females be it on the starring roles of their fiction works or as a target group audience. In manga specifically, there exists a separate genre called shoujo manga with many sub-genres itself, which raises issues and has stories related and devoted to women.The presence of females as featured heroes in manga, animation and TV shows has been much stronger in Japan than in the western world. As the book Japan Pop specifically reports in Japan girl heroes are now as common and popular as boy heroes. The reasons for this are complex and, while hardly due(p) to a greater feminist consciousness in Japanese society, are clearly linked to the make up in recent years of female artists.

Children and Screen Time Essay Example for Free

Children and penetrate Time EssayEvery parent wants nothing more then their electric shaver to succeed. They want their child to develop and reckon with out struggle. In this day in age we have access to so many devices that can help contribute to a childs success. Many will bespeak that a device such as a I-pad or mobile device will bar ones assureing. I timbre the exact opposite will occur, and the child will gain knowledge. Children develop and learn so much at a very young age. They absorb everything they see and hear. They best learn through touch, sight, and sound. Using a device such as a touch I-pad, or I-phone a child can interact on their level. There are so many Apps available for children of exclusively ages. They will help a child develop at their capability and speed, while learning. I feel they will absorb more knowledge with a educational hands on device quite a then TV. Children have to interact and use their brains in order for the App to work.Placing a child in drive of a TV to just sit and learn, they do not get the same hands on experience. There will be those arguing that placing a phone or tablet in a childs arms will cause harm. I do not see that macrocosm true, in this day in age we use Apps for everything. Rather at the grocery store, banking, or even schools, most teach with touch devices. I feel that helping your child learn with a hands free device, will only help them in the future.

Robert Frost Poetry Coursework Essay Example for Free

Robert Frost Poetry Coursework EssayRobert Lee Frost was an American Poet born in San Francisco, his liveness spanned from March 26th, 1874 to January 29th, 1963. He moved to New England with his family when he was el plain years old. He disc e rattlingwhereed his fuck of reading and writing poetry during his high school years when he was in Lawrence, Massachusetts. After Harvard he began writing his own poetry only it was only after his conference with the poet Edward Thomas in capital of the United Kingdom that he truly discoered his voice. On his return to America he published two collections of poetrys, the to the highest degree famous of which was North of Boston. The two poems I depart be expression at atomic number 18 al-Qaida Burial and Mending seawall.The very first thing I noticed near the two of these poems is that they ar both examples of the break agglomerate of communication surrounded by mickle. The first poem Home Burial is an example of an eclogue. The ennoble Home Burial has both connotations of a warm, comfortable home and withal a burial, which is both relate with death and mourning. It is on the whole written in dialogue but has some narrative. The second poem Mending Wall and its title constitute meanings on hu humankind communication also. Mending meaning to batch and also it is present tense meaning its ongoing and Wall is an object that can be employ either as a barrier between humans or something to assert them together. M each people say this poem is Frosts most enduring and most typical dramatic monologueI result look at Home Burial first and display Frosts ideas on human understanding and wrap up first. By starting the poem with He this already fall in earms to make the man the main character flush off though her is at the top of the stairs making her the to a greater extent dominant of the two. She in unconscious of him, but when she realises he might be on that point she looks oer her shoulder at s ome fear in time if they are married wherefore does she fear him? He and so asks her what is it you see from up there eternally? for I want to know. (at this point the dominant role is passed onto him) which dispositions that they have never actually talked about why she always looks out that window until that moment.At the same moment she no longer fears him and her faces turns from terrified to muted when she realises he is only beingness curious. However he then asks her over again and mounts over her until she is cowering meaning she fears him. This shows that he timbers the only way to get it out of her is to frighten her. tho this contradicted right away when he says I will find out now you must tell me, loved. The use of the comma and articulate dear shows that he is now trying to appear as non-threatening to her. However even this doesnt work as she refused him any help. She seems very stuck to being misunderstood and even when he tries to help her, she will no t help, in the promise that he will discover it himself but she knows he wont. She even lets him look out knowing that he wont see because he is a blind creature.However after a while of looking out he says oh its middling that I can see. However by this point the word see has lost a lot of its meaning by being repeated so often. But even after saying this she challenges him on what he sees by saying you dont tell me what it isHe then launches into how he would have noticed it, had it not blended in with the background. But whilst talk he upsets her by talking about their child in the labored almost in passing. Its not the st mavins, but the childs mound The man is shocked when she starts telling him to stop and asks why he cant mention his late son. She then, quite of staying and communicating to him, decided to leave for some fresh air. But he then tells her how she should stay and talk to him rather of bringing their problems to other people. He then tells her how he woul d wish well to ask her something to which she replies that he doesnt know how to ask. This to me shows that she knows what he is going to ask before he actually does, so I value although they dont talk they do have an understanding of each other even if its on a small level.She then says My haggle are always nearly an offense. This illustrates how even if he does try to communicate she does not listen or else does not take the correct meaning from what he says and just sees the negative side from everything he says. He then says a man must soften up being a man with womenfolk. This brings in the subject if gender can be a barrier between human communication and understanding. But there is also a meaning in the subtext of how he doesnt think any of the blame should be put on him because she finds everything he says as offensive.He then goes on to plea for her to speak to him, to give him nonpareil more chance to redeem everything that is wrong with their communication problems, but she indispensabilitys to stop being so over-reactive to everything. His statement evokes a sense of equality as he is saying that he will try to mend his wrong-doings if she agrees to do the same with hers. However at once he says that her sense of loss over her child should be satisfied she sees the negativity in this and says that he is sneering. To which he replies Im not, Im not. This shocks me as this is just what they had been discussing about how they should give each other a chance and try and not be so chop-chop to judge each other and straight away they are at it again.This, I think, is the point where the muliebrity begins to truly open up as she then says to her husband about how he should have more to talk about and more to feel about their dead son, especially to the fact that he was the one to bury him. And then she gets even more annoyed by how when he came in from digging the grave he talks off average, mundane even, topics. She then talks of how if he cant grief over his son, he wont be able to grief for anyone, and if he continues like this he will be unaware of how alone he really is. She then remarks, If I can change it. Oh, I wont, I wont meaning that she will keep to her grief.Then the husband says There, you have said it all and you feel better. You wont go now. Which sounds very patronizing like he wasnt even paying attention and that he only cares that she wont leave the house for people to see her in her state. And then to prove even more that he wasnt paying much attention to what she was saying he says Amy Theres someone coming down the road This is exactly what she had been talking about what she hated him doing and he does it. If he did it to annoy her or that he simply wasnt listening to her it isnt apparent, but it shows a great void in their communication and understanding of one another.The woman is so distraught to how he directly ignores everything she was saying that her sentences are all broken up. She then opes t he door wider to leave as she is in a frenzy.The poem then ends with him use violence again to try and get her to stay, so even after they had this long and deep conversation they both returned to how they in the beginning dodged conversation, fleeing and using violence.Now I will go onto talk about the poem Mending Wall and how it is used to convey human barriers between communication and understanding. The writer uses first person singular in this poem to create a persona, and so he can put his own views into the poem easily. It begins with Something there is that doesnt love a wall this is an inverted syntax which creates a tone in the poem and contains the word love which is a very strong word especially for an inanimate object like a wall. The next part says that sends the frozen-ground-swell under it this made me think that he is possibly using frost on purpose as it is his name. It also contains an active verb to create an ongoing sense in the poem.The active verbs are carr ied on in the next two lines. makes and work these are the two other active verbs. He then says I have come after them and made repair this shows how he and his neighbour have went out year after year to fix this wall. I think the major part of this poem is if the wall is to be thought of as a barrier or as a attractive feature which almost brings him and his neighbour together. On one level it is separating their homes from one another, but it also brings them together once a year to repair it.Every year he goes to his neighbour and tells him of how the wall is in need of mending again and they both stay on their own side of the wall picking up the rocks which have fallen out and placing them back in. He talks of how they use spells to make the rocks balance, this shows how the persona of the verbaliser is very imaginative, but it is also shown in the poem how the persona spends a lot of the poem ruminating over different, small things. And then in the actual spell there is an ex clamation mark to add to it. He finds it fun calling it an outdoor game almost like how a child would treat it.He is all pine and I am apple orchard.My apple trees will never get acrossAnd eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.He only says Good fences make good neighbours.This carve up I think shows how he wishes to take down the wall, but instead of directly asking him decides to show him that there is no point in keeping the wall. The neighbour replies with a quote which he has plainly learnt from generations before him and hasnt actually put much thought into. I think this is a classic fountain of how bad communication can come up, this man has no views on the wall and is only using views of which he has heard from his father possibly and doesnt even consider what his neighbour is saying.Before I built a wall Id ask to knowWhat I was walling in or walling out,And to whom I was like to give offence.This is where the poet realises he has no need for this wall and wishes it wasnt there. I also think he is actually pique buy the way his neighbour doesnt want to take it down by the way it says to whom I was like to give offence.There is repetition of the phrase something there is that doesnt love a wall. But this time instead of thinking of an animal I think you are made to think of how the neighbour doesnt listen to the poet and decides to keep the wall up. And however, much he would like to make the neighbour realise the wall is doing no good, he wants him to want the wall down without him saying anything. The poet then notes how his neighbour moves in darkness or in other words is unaware of how there is no need for the wall.So in this poem I think there is a very large barrier in the way of their communication between each other. The poet tries to reason with the neighbour to show there is no need for the wall, but the neighbour opts to drum with his old quote, because it is one he has already though of a lot.Between these two poems I prefer Men ding Wall to Home Burial because of its rhythm throughout it and also I like the very child-like views in it as it makes me feel like I can relate to it more. Home Burial also used terms and wording structure which I found very hard to understand.I think there is also a lot of differences in the culture in these poems and that may keep an eye on why the characters could not understand or communicate with each other. The fact that Mending Wall was set in a farmland could mean there is not many other people there and that could determine people and their communication skills. And Home Burial is set between a couple who seem to grapple a lot so that doesnt show how every human has trouble understanding each other, just them two.

Financial perspective Essay Example for Free

Financial perspective EssayAs seen poised add-ins does not tot eithery disregard pecuniary measures of deed. Thus, metrely and accurate data is essential to the successful writ of execution of balanced scorecard. This implies that handling and processing of pecuniary data should be swift and centralize perhaps fully automated. The monetary data should be incorporate with corporate databases and especially data regarding risk assessment and cost benefit analysis (Stewart, 2000). Learning and harvesting perspective This category recognizes that people are the only repositions of knowledge i. e. people posses intangible assets of the party. In this culture age intelligence is the heart of organization success and hence Ned to checker continuous learning with employee training. This is because technology changes rapidly as aloes people exiting an organization for greener pastures. (Lipe Salterio, 2000) As a result, corporations culture and spatial relation need to be shaped to ensure that people inside the organization pursue self-improvement and invalidate brain drain to other companies. The cost of recruitment and training people is usually high and measures of allocating the capital to reap maximum benefits need to be developed.Knowledge sharing is equally important. Notably not all training translates to learning but the most effective learning occurs, apply mentors and group discussions and communication at heart the organization. Intranets may contribute towards facilitating communication and learning (Norton, 2001) Process perspective This category identifies two kinds of process within the business one, the mission oriented processes and two the support process. Support processes are repetitive in nature and nature and hence easier to measure on the other hand mission oriented involve organisation offices and hence difficult to measure.Attention to these perspectives enables managers to know how well the operations of the business are and whether they are in tandem with customer requirements and expectations. (Kaplan Norton, 1996) Problems associated with financial measures. The move to take up the balanced scorecard at Intel has been triggered by the inefficiency of financial measures to link corporate strategy and goals to measurement it ahs been difficult for Intel to link the strategies use in say market and advertising campaigns to the effects or anticipated results. Thus a shortfall in gauging performance has been experienced..As pointed out, Intel faces strong competition from Microsoft and there has been to re-strategize its operations in order to gain warring advantage and adopt with the changing technology. The previously apply financial measures are outdated as the PC industry how shifted from the industrial age to become more knowledge based. White previously, Intel management of the companys property equipments and coiffe was adequate to accord the company competitive edge, now a days the intangible asset i. e. the employees knowledge plays a great role in ensuring that Intel stays ahead of its game.The companys income statements, and balance sheets are still used to capture revenues and profits but they still account very short to the companys market value hence the need for balance scorecard. The balanced scorecard becomes accessible for Intel to link its strategy i. e. deploying its intangible assets to the companys goal i. e. dominate the PC industry. The problem of financial measures utilized at Intel is its failure to measure how effective customer relationship operating process crossway innovation skill of the workforce culture and other variables are in contributing to the companys goal of maintaining lead in the PC industry.The financial measures i. e. balance sheets and incomes statements fail to assist management get word its asset and link it to strategy and goal. The pitfall of this measure is that without a clear description of the situation and the companys possessions in terms of assets past it is difficult to know what to manage or measure. Recommended design and implementation of Intels balance scorecard Intel balance scorecard design lead incorporate strategy aimed at increasing the companys revenues by twenty percent in a period of 18 months.In order to do so the balance scorecard components will be used in designing the strategy. The invaluable contribution of the employees at Intel is recognized in this design. They contribute indirectly to the companys revenue investment in the employees will improve their functional competence and hence lead to offend quality products and innovations hence greater customer satisfaction. This satisfaction in turn will translate to higher(prenominal) gross sales and thus increase in revenue and profit margins. Rewards systems for hardworking employees will be prone in form of cash incentives and recognition awards.More importantly, dead wood employees will not be retained in the co mpany, as they are liabilities to the company. The workplace culture and climate will also be representative of the companys goal hence performance appraisals will also be used to boost hard work. The no-office policy at Intel will be retained in order to ensure equality among the companys employees. Communication and knowledge sharing will be boosted by upping Intel intranets and using monthly meetings in departments to arrive at this end.Intel will have to upgrade its internal processes to improve its customers and shareholders satisfactions hence achieve revenue. The way to do this will be by availing its microprocessors speedily to its customers at the time when needed. Intel will need to keep track of releases of operating systems by software hence increase sales and revenues. Intel should also develop new products and services that are relevant to meeting customers wants and needs. Perhaps, there is need to draw new markets in order to broaden its customers base also promote satisfaction among customers.Grievances and complaints will embrace with immediacy and accuracy. Additionally, Total quality management and zero tolerance production techniques will be used in its manufacturing plant to ensure that consignment delivered to customers have zero defects. Intel will also ensure that it exercises cordial responsibility and that its activities benefit the greater society and dont harm the immediate environment. The customers perspectives components of Intel balance scorecard will work towards creating a image of value and distinction in its customers.Intel will achieve this by incorporating a mix of different products and service that uniquely identify the customers to the company. Intel will sustain intimacy with its customers by being a representative of the customers diverse traits. It will ensure indiscriminate customers service to customers regardless of race, sexual urge or religion its branding and advertisement campaigns will be acceptable to the customers. Intel will employ competitive pricing to attract and retain customers. At the same time Intel will assure great performance and auxiliary features in its products so that customers get value for their money, hence boost revenue.Delivery lead propagation will equally be reduced by half in order to encourage customers to profane more from them. The financial position of Intel will be influenced by the effects o customers internal process and the learning perspectives of the companys workforce. Ultimately, if the positive changes on these sections are effected then the company will realize profitability and increased revenues. In effect, the companys value in the eye of the shareholder will also improve, more to that an increase in company assets value will be evident.

Applied Statistics at Grand Canyon University Essay Example for Free

Applied Statistics at Grand Canyon University Essay1. Which patient noted the highest on the preoperative CVLT erudition? What was his or her T wee-wee? The 3rd patient produced 63 which is the highest CVLT T- pretend.2. Which patient scored the lowest on surgical CVLT Retrieval? What was this patients T score?The 4th patient scored the lowest on the operative CVLT Retrieval with a score of 23.3. Did the patient in Question 2 have more of a memory performance mitigate than average on the CVLT Retrieval? Provide a rationale for your answer. Yes, because he scored 23 and the average is 38.2.4. What is the humble ( X) and standard deviation (SD) for preoperative T score for CVLT Acquisition?The mean for preoperative T score for CVLT acquisition is 46.35, and the SD is 5.061, calculated using Excel auto sum function.5. Is the preoperative Retrieval T score for Patient 5 preceding(prenominal) or below the mean for the norm of the group? Provide a rationale for your answer.The score for patient 5 on preoperative Retrieval T score (52) is above the mean for the norm of the group (47.36).6. Assuming that the distribution of the preoperative CVLT Retrieval T scores is normal, the centerfield 68% of the patients had T scores between what two set?7. Assuming that the distribution of scores for the postoperative CVLT Retrieval T scores is normal, the middle 68% of the patients had T scores between what two values?8. The researchers state that it appears that the functional integrity of the left temporal lobe, despite evidence of structural abnormality, plays a significant role when it comes to memory outcomes following left ATL. Can the findings from this study be deduced to a large population? Provide a rationale for your answer.No, because, according to our source, the sample size is too small to generalize the results for a larger population.9. If a patient had a raw score = 30, what would his/her postoperative CVLT Retrieval T score be? Tscore=10X/SD+ (50-10Xo/SD)Tscore=10(30)/1.414+(50-10(39.294))/1.414Tscore=-15.72910. Did patients demonstrate more postoperative memory declines among CVLT Retrieval T scores than CVLT Acquisition T scores? Provide a rationale for your answerNo, the number of declines in both postoperative categories is the same(13).

Understanding Curriculum and Professional Issues Essay Example for Free

Understanding Curriculum and Professional Issues EssayThis designation volition explore flow rate views on originalism in the Lifelong farming orbit in the UK, and will make particular fictional character to the invasion of trans swear outal status on teachers in the Further reproduction (FE) heavens.The paper will examine current policy before going on to discuss originalism, move captain maturation (CPD), the importance of conjectureive use as a professional attribute and mend on inform. The assignment will also discuss admit personal organic evolution making generator to subject specialism. Finall(a)y professionalism in the sector will be evaluated. Historically Further Education (FE) Colleges were one time far removed from the terms professional and academic and as Spencely (2006 pg 292) reminds us, student learnedness in FE was definitely positioned in the arena of practical skills based learn earlier than direction, this stress on cooking, rat her than educational activity, has led a hail of commentators to question the existence of the profession of educator or teacher in the elevate education sector.However, FE is now an integral part of the education system and plays a key role in supporting the professional development of teachers in the sector.Even with the ongoing vex to up skill FE lecturers with teacher training competencys, those in FE appear to be in a continuous flux where recognition of professional status is concerned. Katz, cited in Avis et al highlights this when he states some professionals talk as much about being professional as those whose professional stature is in doubt. (2009 pg 75)FE has struggled to be recognised as professional, this may be because the majority of direction practitioners in FE are from a vocational rather than academic background. Currently FE teachers operate inwardly a system of duel professionalism (Davies 2006) meaning that they consent vocational expertise and have gained teacher training fashionings in order to develop as a professional.However, gibe to Gray and Griffin, professionalism of FE has never been homogenous or particularly well formed in the FE sector and it lacks the professional culture be in the schools (2000 pg 238). It may be that what Gray fails to acknowledge is the FE sector isnot the school sector and it should thusly be different.Since September 2001, it has been a requirement that all teachers in FE colleges should have, or be workings towards, a nationally recognised article of faith qualification.The original national standards on which such qualification was based were drawn up by the Further Education National Training Organisation (FENTO). In order to receive FENTO endorsement, bodies such as the City and Guilds London Institute (CGLI), which at the time awarded a range of sector-specific teaching qualifications, were required to ensure that the content and outcomes of their teaching qualifications conformed t o these national standards.Only teachers with a FENTO endorsed qualification were deemed to meet the national requirement for the profession.As the result of a g all(prenominal)placenment policy change, the national training brass sections, including FENTO, were replaced by sector skills councils, and responsibility for managing the national standards and endorsing qualifications for teachers in the Lifelong encyclopedism Sector (LLS) was taken over in January 2005 by Standards and Verification UK (SVUK), the standards and verification arm of Lifelong Learning UK (LLUK).This body, which is also responsible for the professional development of teachers in work-based larn and higher education, brought out a revised set(p) of national standards in 2007 following a distancey period of consultation.These are kn witness as Qualified Teacher Learning and Skills (QTLS) standards and it is now a requirement that all teachers in the sector, whether full-time or part-time, must have, or be working towards QTLS. This can be achieved by a crook of routes, including SVUK-endorsed higher education programmes such as the Certificate of Education (Cert Ed), the Postgraduate or Professional Graduate Certificates in Education (PGCE)The Institute for Learning (IFL) are the driving force behind seeking professional recognition for teachers in FE. The chief executive of the IFL recently announced a major development for the IFL, commenting on Professor Alison Wolfs testimonial that FE teachers with QTLS should be recognised as qualified to teach in schools.Secretary of state for education, MichaelGove, has authoritative recommendations from the Wolf Report clarifying that there is a need to allow qualified further education lecturers to teach in school classrooms on the same basis as qualified school teachers. (Goodman, 2011) The tie-up of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) supports the drive to professionalise FE lecturers and states that The inescap equal to(p) conclusion is th at it is now time for the Qualified Lecturer situation (QLS) to be replaced by the qualified teacher status (QTS), as the benchmark of teacher professionalism in FE colleges.It is time for lecturers to become teachers. (ATL, 2011) Although this appears to be appearion we could argue that this could be deemed more as compliance with an original view of what teacher professionalism is, whereas FE should be viewed as professional and the role of QLS should carry with it professional status.However, when considering current thinking on professionalism in teaching Pollard summarises that good teaching requires a large number of implicit and often instantaneous judgements and decisions often shaped by the community of figure to which we belong.(Pollard, 2010 pg 5) This takes aim of classroom management, including relationships, positive learning environments and the power to be creative and innovative. The Teaching Learning Research cyphers ten principles of effective teaching, wh ich form the basis of professionalism in the teaching sector, highlight a set of principles which are evident within the FE sector, clearly demonstrating (from my viewpoint) equity with the school sector.There are a number of issues around the concept of professionalism and obviously meaning here can and will differ according to ones profession. In order to define professionalism we must also consider that interpretation will differ restricted on perspective.Professionalism generally involves both characteristics of self and those of organisations. Professional organisations will have a set of set which will be reflected in working practices in line with ethical standards.However, irrelevant of organisation teacher professionalism is a significant factor as it affects the role of the teacher and their pedagogy, which in turn affects student ability to learn effectively. Teacher professionalism should contain the essential characteristics of, competence, performance, and conduct, a ll ofwhich should reflect the goals, abilities, and standards of the organisation for whom we work, and should impact on teaching through the development of these qualities.External drivers such as government policy will and do impact on the status of FE lecturers and along with the recognition of Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) will no doubt come even more rigorous inspection of both student and lecturer achievement.The FE sector has continued to grow and in order to support growth, the shift in education economy from educators to Government control, and to meet the demands of Sector Skills Councils, the development of professionalism will continue to be a key focus. However, in order to develop this professionalism Hargreaves, reminds us that the existence of a top down education system with hold in pay and over standardisation will result in a paradoxical profession.Hagreaves states The paradox in the professional life of teachers is illustrated by the co-existence of two seemin gly contradictory trends in the development of the teaching profession standardization of teaching and antipathy to teachers professionalization, on the one hand, and higher professional standards and greater professionalism, on the early(a). (2000 pg 11)In 2004 LLUK began the process of growth new professional teaching standards for the FE system, in line with the requirements of Government, Sector Skills Councils, regulatory authorities, awarding organisations and providers. Bill Rammell, Minister of State for Lifelong Learning, emphasises the importance of professionalism in teaching, Rammel states, I hope these standards will contribute greatly to improving quality in teaching, training and learning across the further education system, and provide a key part of the infrastructure that will support the professionalisation of the custody.(LLUK, undated) However, this may also create a more rigorous evaluation of teaching standards, as teachers in FE become more qualified, as m entioned previously, expectations will also rise. The new professional teaching standards, with emphasis on specialist subject knowledge, will benefit FE in terms of quality, more importantly it will also provide a better learning experience for students, which when we consider professionalism must be our first concern .However, Avis (2009 pg 76) makesthe point that current thinking on develop professionalism, specifically when considering the detail and length of standards, that LLUK standards are in contrast to the equivalent single page of broad statements that cover higher education the same here applies to schools, it could therefore be suggested that the definition of professional in the FE sector is more restricted and prescriptive than in other areas of education (Avis, 2009 pg 77) This may also apply to continued professional development (CPD) in the FE sector.CPD is increasingly seen as an essential driver in raising the standards of teaching and learning in post-16 edu cation and training. Requirements and processes have been set in place by LLUK and IFL to ensure that every teacher engages in CPD, meaning any activity undertaken for the purpose of updating knowledge of subjects or developing teaching skills.However, CPD has also become a contentious subject, mainly due to interpretation at organisational take and the associated funding costs of ensuring CPD is beneficial to the lecturer. The IFL requires a commitment from all teachers to 30 hrs CPD per year, upon which teachers reflect, and draw on learning which takes place, how this is shared and how it supports both ones own development and outcomes for learners.CPD has been under scrutiny of late with concerns raised over the quality of CPD and whether it is meeting the needs of the individual or organisations. Trorey (2002 pg 2) defines CPD as institutional development which is aimed at improving a whole organisation, often described as staff development and professional development which involves pedagogic knowledge and subject expertise.It could be argued that CPD should encompass a whole organisation culture yet still support the development of pedagogic expertise, which defines the FE sector from the school sector, as the IFL remind us, teaching practitioners engage in various forms of professional development throughout their careers, but that often this goes unfilmed.(Davies, 2006) Here again we can see the influence of the IFL in the drive to support the development of professionalism in the FE sector. However, irrelevant of contention, where CPD is concerned, a commitment to continually update both knowledge and skills of ones subject specialism and teaching expertise is essential if wewish to viewed as professionals.Teachers in FE have a great deal of autonomy in their teaching as they are deemed to be experts in their field, therefore professionalism is an essential attribute. CPD should support the development of that expertise. Gray et al (2000 pg 25) st ates that the professional is someone who is continuously developing his or her underpinning knowledge through reflection on their own (and others) practice. Therefore the ability to reflect is imperative as without this essential tool we cannot be viewed as professional.Reflection can be viewed as a process of thinking and improving your professional skills and it allows us to focus on positive aspects of practice and build on them. It also table services us to identify areas for improvement. Schon (1983) defines contemplative practice as thoughtfully considering your own experiences in applying knowledge to practice. In essence reflective practice means learning from experience, it is therefore an essential element of teaching and supports CPD.Boud et al (1985) defines reflective practice as an activity in which hoi polloi recapture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate it. As simplistic as this may sound, reflecting on experience in order to improve requir es a level of objectivity in reference to your teaching practice.Therefore unless we are willing to fully partake in reflective practice we may fail to grasp opportunities to improve both our own performance and the learning experience for our students. Clouder (2000) supports this view when he states in its broadest sense, reflective practice involves critical analysis of everyday working practices to improve competence and professional development.Practitioners must ensure that time is set aside to think about our teaching practice in order to evaluate it and make changes where necessary. However, it could be argued here that this relies on a whole organisation culture, as without time set aside by your organisation this could result in even more unpaid work than is already expected. Reflection should therefore be an integral aspect of professional teaching practice.The very nature of education requires teachers to be open to change, as the sector is under continuous force to imp rove outcomes for learners. This compounds the need for reflective practice for teachers, learners and whole organisations. Reflective practice encourages the sharing of good practice, learning from the experience of others, it can support the planning process and overall encourages collaborative working to the benefit of all involved.Barriers to change exist in all aspects of society and reflective practice is viewed by many as a questioning of their practice and some teachers struggle with this concept. However, barriers are often self imposed or they may originate from the culture of organisations, who may themselves have pre-conceived ideas about reflection, which in itself is often a barrier.In the drive to gain professional recognition in the FE sector we must embrace reflective practice as a tool for improvement and progression. Throughout the course we have been introduced to a number of models of reflection such as Schons (1983) reflection in action and reflection on action , Kolbs (1984) learning cycle and Phil Race (2005) ripples approach, all of which have been useful in supporting the development of reflective practice.Races (2005) ripples model is based on the assumption that the best way to learn is by doing. This is a principle which supports both my specialism and teaching practice, as I firmly believe that students require pass on on experiences before moving on to more abstract learning. When reflecting on my own practice, specifically when working with 16-18year olds, this has become evident.Reflective practice requires an open mind, hard work and deep understanding of the benefits in jumper lead to improvements in practice and outcomes. It is only through undergoing a process of reflection and evaluation that we are able to make reasoned judgements about our teaching practice.CPD should be viewed as an ongoing process that improves capabilities, helps to determine own learning needs and helps us to acquire new skills and abilities. Educat ion in its many forms is a oversized responsibility and teachers should maintain professional standards as required by the sector, asultimately it will help us to gain professional credibility.There are many types of CPD which can be accessed such as, established training, research, in house training, mentoring and further academic study. Undertaking the Certificate in Education has helped me to develop in my role as a teacher, and also to recognise the importance of teaching qualifications.Having come into teaching from a subject specialism background I can clearly see the benefits of CPD in enhancing my teaching abilities and skills, therefore, in order to continue my professional journey my aim will be to achieve QTLS and possibly progress onto the BA in Education and Professional Development.